Learn about the verb ageru, "to give"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Chigusa: おはよう、ブラジリア。ちぐさです。(Ohayō, Burajiria. Chigusa desu.) |
| Jun: おはよう、ブラジリア。ジュンです。(Ohayō, Burajiria. Jun desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #103. Today we have a great lesson for you. Today marks the first lesson of a series that’s going to look at giving and receiving verbs. Now in Japanese, there are many ways to talk about giving and receiving and it’s one of the most important parts of the language. It’s an extremely delicate topic. So what we are going to do is take you from the beginning to the end. We are going to walk you through and by the time we are done, this is going to be one of the easiest subjects to deal with. Right, Chigusa-san? |
| Chigusa: You guys are going to be experts. |
| Peter: Chigusa-san and Jun-san are joining us for today’s conversation. Now today’s conversation takes place between two co-workers. We are going to go through the conversation once at full speed, once slowly. Then we are going to give you the same conversation with the English. All right, without further adieu, here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 今日、部長の誕生日ですね。(Kyō, buchō no tanjōbi desu ne.) |
| じゅん (Jun) : ああ、すっかり忘れてました！(Ā, sukkari wasurete mashita!) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 確か今年は還暦ですよ。部長に何をあげましょうか。(Tashika kotoshi wa kanreki desu yo. Buchō ni nani o agemashō ka.) |
| じゅん (Jun) : 還暦ですか。そうですね。ワインはどうですか。(Kanreki desu ka. Sō desu ne. Wain wa dō desu ka.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : いいですね。2006年ものはどうですか。(Ii desu ne. Ni-sen roku-nen mono wa dō desu ka.) |
| じゅん (Jun) : いいアイディアですね。1946年ものより、随分安いし。決まりです！(Ii aidia desu ne. Sen kyū-hyaku yon-jū roku-nen mono yori, zuibun yasui shi. Kimari desu!) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 今夜の誕生日パーティーで渡しましょう！(Kon’ya no tanjōbi pātī de watashimashō!) |
| じゅん (Jun) : そうしましょう。(Sō shimashō.) |
| Chigusa: もう一度、お願いします。ゆっくり、お願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Yukkuri, onegai shimasu.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 今日、部長の誕生日ですね。(Kyō, buchō no tanjōbi desu ne.) |
| じゅん (Jun) : ああ、すっかり忘れてました！(Ā, sukkari wasurete mashita!) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 確か今年は還暦ですよ。部長に何をあげましょうか。(Tashika kotoshi wa kanreki desu yo. Buchō ni nani o agemashō ka.) |
| じゅん (Jun) : 還暦ですか。そうですね。ワインはどうですか。(Kanreki desu ka. Sō desu ne. Wain wa dō desu ka.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : いいですね。2006年ものはどうですか。(Ii desu ne. Ni-sen roku-nen mono wa dō desu ka.) |
| じゅん (Jun) : いいアイディアですね。1946年ものより、随分安いし。決まりです！(Ii aidia desu ne. Sen kyū-hyaku yon-jū roku-nen mono yori, zuibun yasui shi. Kimari desu!) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 今夜の誕生日パーティーで渡しましょう！(Kon’ya no tanjōbi pātī de watashimashō!) |
| じゅん (Jun) : そうしましょう。(Sō shimashō.) |
| Chigusa: 今度は、ピーターの英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Pītā no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 今日、部長の誕生日ですね。(Kyō, buchō no tanjōbi desu ne.) |
| CHIGUSA: Today's the department manager's birthday, right? |
| じゅん (Jun) : ああ、すっかり忘れてました！(Ā, sukkari wasurete mashita!) |
| JUN: Ah, I completely forgot! |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 確か今年は還暦ですよ。(Tashika kotoshi wa kanreki desu yo.) |
| CHIGUSA: If I remember correctly, this year is his 60th birthday. |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 部長に何をあげましょうか。(Buchō ni nani o agemashō ka.) |
| CHIGUSA: What shall we give the department manager? |
| じゅん (Jun) : 還暦ですか。(Kanreki desu ka.) |
| JUN: His 60th birthday? |
| じゅん (Jun) : そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| JUN: Hmmm. |
| じゅん (Jun) : ワインはどうですか。(Wain wa dō desu ka.) |
| JUN: How about wine? |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : いいですね。(Ii desu ne.) |
| CHIGUSA: That's a good idea. |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 2006年ものはどうですか。(Ni-sen roku-nen mono wa dō desu ka.) |
| CHIGUSA: How about a 2006 vintage? |
| じゅん (Jun) : いいアイディアですね。(Ii aidia desu ne.) |
| JUN: Good idea! |
| じゅん (Jun) : 1946年ものより、随分安いし。(Sen kyū-hyaku yon-jū roku-nen mono yori, zuibun yasui shi.) |
| JUN: And it's a lot cheaper than a 1946 vintage. |
| じゅん (Jun) : 決まりです！(Kimari desu!) |
| JUN: It's been decided! |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 今夜の誕生日パーティーで渡しましょう！(Kon’ya no tanjōb pātī de watashimashō!) |
| CHIGUSA: Let's give it to him at tonight's party. |
| じゅん (Jun) : そうしましょう。(Sō shimashō.) |
| JUN: Let's do that. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Jun-san. Let’s ask Chigusa-san what she thought of today’s conversation. |
| Jun: ちぐささん、今日の会話はどうでしたか。(Chigusa-san, kyō no kaiwa wa dō deshita ka.) |
| Chigusa: そうですね。仲のいい会社の会話ですね。(Sō desu ne. Naka no ii kaisha no kaiwa desu ne.) |
| Jun: なるほど。(Naruhodo.) |
| Chigusa: 優しい社員ですね。(Yasashii shain desu ne.) |
| Jun: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: Chigusa-san, what did you decide? Could you say that in English? |
| Chigusa: I think it’s a really family-like good company. |
| Peter: Yes, you want to work there? |
| Chigusa: Yeah. |
| Peter: All right. |
| Chigusa: Sounds fun. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: We have a lot of vocab to get into. Okay, first one. |
| Chigusa: 部長 (buchō) |
| Peter: Department manager. |
| Chigusa: (slow)ぶちょう (buchō) (natural speed)部長 (buchō) |
| Peter: In Japanese management, what level is 部長 (buchō)? |
| Chigusa: Higher, one of the higher ranks. |
| Peter: Okay, what comes below it? |
| Chigusa: Normally 次長 (jichō). |
| Peter: And below that? |
| Chigusa: 課長 (kachō) |
| Peter: And below that? |
| Chigusa: 係長 (kakarichō) |
| Peter: And below that? |
| Chigusa: 社員 (shain) |
| Peter: So Chigusa-san, can you give us that order one more time starting with 社員 (shain), which is? |
| Chigusa: Normal employee. |
| Peter: Okay. |
| Chigusa: 係長、課長、次長、部長。(Kakarichō, kachō, jichō, buchō.) |
| Peter: Okay, and what comes after 部長 (buchō)? |
| Chigusa: Everything depends on the company. |
| Peter: So even this order we gave you is not decided. |
| Chigusa: Yeah. |
| Peter: It could vary a bit. |
| Chigusa: Right. |
| Peter: By company. |
| Chigusa: Right. |
| Peter: Alright. So it’s just kind of a general order. |
| Chigusa: Normally after 部長 (buchō) comes 本部長 (honbuchō). |
| Peter: The main manager. |
| Chigusa: Right, of the department. |
| Peter: All right. Lots of layers. |
| Chigusa: Right. |
| Peter: Okay, next we have |
| Jun: 誕生日 (tanjōbi) |
| Peter: Birthday. |
| Jun: (slow)たんじょうび (tanjōbi) (natural speed)誕生日 (tanjōbi) |
| Peter: Now this is made up of two words. The first word being |
| Chigusa: 誕生 (tanjō) |
| Peter: And Chigusa-san, what does this mean? |
| Chigusa: Birth. |
| Peter: And followed by |
| Chigusa: 日 (bi) |
| Peter: Which is |
| Chigusa: Day. |
| Peter: Therefore birthday. Now Chigusa-san, let’s ask Jun-san when his birthday is. |
| Chigusa: ジュンさんの誕生日はいつですか。(Jun-san no tanjōbi wa itsu desu ka.) |
| Jun: 3月9日です。(San-gatsu kokonoka desu.) |
| Peter: March 9th. |
| Jun: Yes. |
| Peter: Now what sign does that make him? Can we ask him that in Japanese, Chigusa-san? |
| Chigusa: ジュンさんの星座は何ですか。(Jun-san no seiza wa nan desu ka.) |
| Jun: うお座です。(Uoza desu.) |
| Peter: Okay, first the word for sign. Horoscope is |
| Chigusa: 星座 (seiza) |
| Peter: And your answer was |
| Jun: うお座 (uoza) |
| Peter: Which is |
| Jun: Pisces. |
| Peter: All right. Next we have |
| Jun: 還暦 (kanreki) |
| Peter: One 60th birthday. |
| Jun: (slow)かんれき (kanreki) (natural speed)還暦 (kanreki) |
| Peter: Now in Japan as well as other Asian nations, the 60th birthday is a big deal. Right, Chigusa-san? |
| Chigusa: Right. |
| Peter: Can you tell us a bit about it? |
| Chigusa: Sure. According to the Chinese tradition, there are 60-year cycles and every 60 years a person is reborn again. |
| Peter: So when a person in Japan becomes 60, they have completed that cycle, that 60-year cycle and they are on to a new one. |
| Chigusa: Right. |
| Peter: So that’s why it’s sometimes referred to, like second life. |
| Chigusa: Correct. |
| Peter: And what do they do for this? |
| Chigusa: For this, they wear red coats called 羽織り (haori). |
| Peter: Why do they do this? |
| Chigusa: Because that’s what babies wear. |
| Peter: I see. It completes the whole theme of being reborn again. |
| Chigusa: Right. They also wear red caps and red 足袋 (tabi) which is red socks. |
| Peter: Have you seen anybody dressed like this? |
| Chigusa: Yes, I think my great grandma did this. |
| Peter: When she turned 60? |
| Chigusa: Right. |
| Peter: Yeah, with that said, yes so please remember, if you have a Japanese friend and they are turning 60, do your best to get them a card or something because it’s an extremely important thing in their lives. Next we have |
| Chigusa: すっかり (sukkari) |
| Peter: Completely, totally. This word is often found with the verb |
| Chigusa: 忘れる (wasureru) |
| Peter: To forget. Completely totally forget. Next |
| Jun: 随分 (zuibun) |
| Peter: Quite, quite a few, good deal. |
| Jun: 随分変わりました。(Zuibun kawarimashita.) |
| Chigusa: 日本はこの20年間で随分変わりました。(Nihon wa kono ni-jū-nen-kan de zuibun kawarimashita.) |
| Peter: Japan has changed quite a bit in the last 20 years. Next |
| Chigusa: アイディア (aidia) |
| Peter: Taken from English, katakana word meaning idea. |
| Chigusa: (slow)アイディア (aidia) (natural speed)アイディア (aidia) |
| Peter: Okay, on to today’s grammar point. To help us with today’s grammar point, we have |
| Natsuko: ナツコです。(Natsuko desu.) |
| Peter: ナツコさん、よろしくお願いします。(Natsuko-san, yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: よろしくお願いします。(Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: All right, Natsuko-san, today’s grammar point is |
| Natsuko: あげる (ageru), あげる (ageru) |
| Peter: Is a class 2 verb. It is used to express that someone does something as a favor to someone whose status is equal or close to equal to that of the giving party. Now here is the important thing. We are going to talk about particles here. When talking about giving and receiving verbs in Japanese, the particles are key. The particles will let you know exactly what’s going on. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Let’s first talk about あげる (ageru). When using |
| Natsuko: あげる (ageru) |
| Peter: The giving party, the subject is marked by the particle |
| Natsuko: は (wa) |
| Peter: While the receiving party, the indirect object is marked by the particle |
| Natsuko: に (ni) |
| Peter: Okay. We are going to go over that one more time. The giving party, the subject is marked with |
| Natsuko: は (wa) |
| Peter: While the receiving party, the indirect object is marked by |
| Natsuko: に (ni) |
| Peter: Now the object being given is marked with the object marker |
| Natsuko: を (o) |
| Peter: So let’s take a closer look at this. Natsuko-san, can you give us an example? |
| Natsuko: ナツコはピーターにチョコレートをあげます。(Natsuko wa Pītā ni chokorēto o agemasu.) |
| Peter: One more time, slowly please. |
| Natsuko: ナツコはピーターにチョコレートをあげます。(Natsuko wa Pītā ni chokorēto o agemasu.) |
| Peter: Natsuko gives Peter chocolate. The subject, the giving party, what’s that? |
| Natsuko: ナツコ (Natsuko) |
| Peter: And this is marked by |
| Natsuko: は (wa) |
| Peter: Now the indirect object, the receiving party is |
| Natsuko: ピーター (Pītā) |
| Peter: And this is marked with |
| Natsuko: に (ni) |
| Peter: What did you give? What’s the object being given? |
| Natsuko: チョコレート (chokorēto) |
| Peter: And this is marked with |
| Natsuko: を (o) |
| Peter: And finally we have the verb to give. |
| Natsuko: あげます (agemasu) |
| Peter: So the particles indicate who is giving what to who. Now again these particles are so crucial. Now there is a pitfall we want to steer you clear of and that is |
| Natsuko: あげる (ageru) |
| Peter: Cannot be used when the indirect object, the receiving party is the first person meaning I or we. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: For example, listening to the following sentence because this is a no go, you cannot – we repeat cannot use when the receiving party is I or we. Example sentences please, Natsuko-san. |
| Natsuko: 生徒たちは、私に花をあげた。(Seito-tachi wa, watashi ni hana o ageta.) |
| Peter: The students gave me a flower. Cannot use あげる (ageru). In this case, another verb is used. That verb is |
| Natsuko: くれる (kureru) |
| Peter: And that’s why we are talking about the particles. We are going to focus the next six lessons exclusively on the particles because they decide so much. Again the indirect object, the receiving party if it is I or we, we cannot use |
| Natsuko: あげる (ageru) |
| Peter: Okay, now the second grammar point we have today. In today’s lesson, we also cover the past progressive. Natsuko-san, where do we have that? |
| Natsuko: 忘れていました (wasurete imashita) |
| Peter: Now to form the past progressive, we use the te-form plus |
| Natsuko: いました (imashita) |
| Peter: Now to form the past progressive, we attach the past tense of the auxiliary verb いる (iru) to the te-form. We can have the polite past progressive which we had in today’s dialogue. |
| Natsuko: 忘れていました (wasurete imashita) |
| Peter: We can have the polite negative past progressive which is |
| Natsuko: 忘れていませんでした (wasurete imasen deshita) |
| Peter: And we can have the plain past progressive |
| Natsuko: 忘れていた (wasurete ita) |
| Peter: And the plain negative past progressive. |
| Natsuko: 忘れていなかった (wasurete inakatta) |
Outro |
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| Peter: Now for more about these two grammar points, stop by japanesepod101.com and check out the PDF. Inside the PDF, there will be a write up plus for premium subscribers, inside the grammar bank.That’s going to do for today. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、また明日ね。(Jā, mata ashita ne.) |
| Chigusa: またね。(Mata ne.) |
| Jun: またね。(Mata ne.) |
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