Learn about the polite form of the copula, "desu" and the plain form of a verb preceding "deshō"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yoshi: おはよう、サンホセ。ヨシです。(Ohayō, San Hose. Yoshi desu.) |
| Takase: おはよう、サンホセ。タカセです。(Ohayō, San Hose. Takase desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson number, Takase-san? |
| Takase: 101! |
| Peter: Yes. Beginner lesson #101. Congratulations Yoshi-san, congratulations, Takase-san. |
| Takase: おめでとうございます！(Omedetō gozaimasu!) |
| Yoshi: おめでとうございます！(Omedetō gozaimasu!) |
| Takase: ピーターさん。(Pītā-san.) |
| Peter: Wow! Yesterday 100 and today the big 101. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the listeners. Takase-san? |
| Takase: ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: Without you, this would not be possible. You guys make everything possible, all the feedback, all the participation, everything you do, you make the show possible. So Yoshi-san, one more time, we would just like to say to everybody listening out there. |
| Yoshi: Merci beaucoup. |
| Takase: なにそれ。(Nani sore.) |
| Peter: And now try it in Japanese. |
| Yoshi: ありがとうございます！(Arigatō gozaimasu!) |
| Peter: Yes, thank you for everything. Now today we have part 2 of the Golf outing. Yoshi-san, what do you think is going to happen today? |
| Yoshi: Something is going to happen. |
| Peter: And you are going to have to listen to find out. Today’s grammar point covers the negative of the present progressive. So you don’t want to miss this. With that said, let’s get into today’s lesson. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : 本田さん、おはようございます。今日はすばらしい天気ですね。最高の月曜日です。ところで、先週末どうしましたか。会社に来ませんでしたね。プロジェクトは終わりましたか。(Honda-san, ohayō gozaimasu. Kyō wa subarashii tenki desu ne. Saikō no getsu-yōbi desu. Tokorode, senshūmatsu dō deshita ka. Kaisha ni kimasen deshita ne. Purojekuto wa owarimashita ka.) |
| 本田 (Honda) : そうですね。実は、急に用事ができて、プロジェクトは全然進んでいないです。(Sō desu ne. Jitsu wa, kyū ni yōji ga dekite, purojekuto wa zenzen susunde inai desu.) |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : ああ、大変ですね。実は私、昨日でプロジェクトが終わりました。本田さん、そちらは？(Ā, taihen desu ne. Jitsu wa watashi, kinō de purojekuto ga owarimashita. Honda-san, sochira wa?) |
| 本田 (Honda) : いやー、金曜日の締め切りまでにはぎりぎり終わるでしょう。今回は鈴木さんの勝ちですね。(Iyā, kin-yōbi no shimekiri made ni wa girigiri owaru deshō. Konkai wa Suzuki-san no kachi desu ne.) |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : ふ、まあね。ま、次回もあるから、頑張ってよ。(Fu, mā ne. Ma, jikai mo aru kara, ganbatte yo.) |
| 女子社員 (joshi shain) : 本田さん、先週末はすばらしいゴルフでしたね！優勝おめでとう！社長も褒めてますよ。(Honda-san, senshūmatsu wa subarashii gorufu deshita ne! Yūshō omedetō! Shachō mo homete masu yo.) |
| Yoshi: もう一度、お願いします。ゆっくり、お願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Yukkuri, onegai shimasu.) |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : 本田さん、おはようございます。今日はすばらしい天気ですね。最高の月曜日です。ところで、先週末どうしましたか。会社に来ませんでしたね。プロジェクトは終わりましたか。(Honda-san, ohayō gozaimasu. Kyō wa subarashii tenki desu ne. Saikō no getsu-yōbi desu. Tokorode, senshūmatsu dō deshita ka. Kaisha ni kimasen deshita ne. Purojekuto wa owarimashita ka.) |
| 本田 (Honda) : そうですね。実は、急に用事ができて、プロジェクトは全然進んでいないです。(Sō desu ne. Jitsu wa, kyū ni yōji ga dekite, purojekuto wa zenzen susunde inai desu.) |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : 大変ですね。実は私、昨日でプロジェクトが終わりました。本田さん、そちらは？(Taihen desu ne. Jitsu wa watashi, kinō de purojekuto ga owarimashita. Honda-san, sochira wa?) |
| 本田 (Honda) : いやー、金曜日の締め切りまでにはぎりぎり終わるでしょう。今回は鈴木さんの勝ちですね。(Iyā, kin-yōbi no shimekiri made ni wa girigiri owaru deshō. Konkai wa Suzuki-san no kachi desu ne.) |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : まあね。ま、次回もあるから、頑張ってよ。(Mā ne. Jikai mo aru kara, ganbatte yo.) |
| 女子社員 (joshi shain) : 本田さん、先週末はすばらしいゴルフでしたね！優勝おめでとう！社長も褒めてますよ。(Honda-san, senshūmatsu wa subarashii gorufu deshita ne! Yūshō omedetō! Shachō mo homete masu yo.) |
| Yoshi: 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Pītā-san no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : 本田さん、おはようございます。今日はすばらしい天気ですね。最高の月曜日です。(Honda-san, ohayō gozaimasu. Kyō wa subarashii tenki desu ne. Saikō no getsu-yōbi desu.) |
| SUZUKI: Good morning, Mr. Honda. Today's weather is wonderful, isn't it? A paramount Monday. |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : ところで、先週末どうしましたか。会社に来ませんでしたね。プロジェクトは終わりましたか。(Tokorode, senshūmatsu dō deshita ka. Kaisha ni kimasen deshita ne. Purojekuto wa owarimashita ka.) |
| SUZUKI: By the way, what happened last weekend? You didn't come to the office. Is the project finished? |
| 本田 (Honda) : そうですね。実は、急に用事ができて、プロジェクトは全然進んでいないです。(Sō desu ne. Jitsu wa, kyū ni yōji ga dekite, purojekuto wa zenzen susunde inai desu.) |
| HONDA: Right... The truth is, I suddenly had something to do, so the project hasn't moved forward at all. |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : ああ、大変ですね。実は私、昨日でプロジェクトが終わりました。本田さん、そちらは？(Ā, taihen desu ne. Jitsu wa watashi, kinō de purojekuto ga owarimashita. Honda-san, sochira wa?) |
| SUZUKI: Oh, that's terrible. The truth is, I finished the project yesterday. How about you, Mr. Honda? |
| 本田 (Honda) : いやー、金曜日の締め切りまでにはぎりぎり終わるでしょう。今回は鈴木さんの勝ちですね。(Iyā, kin-yōbi no shimekiri made ni wa girigiri owaru deshō. Konkai wa Suzuki-san no kachi desu ne.) |
| HONDA: Well, it'll probably be done just in time for Friday's deadline. This time you win. |
| 鈴木 (Suzuki) : ふ、まあね。ま、次回もあるから、頑張ってよ。(Fu, mā ne. Ma, jikai mo aru kara, ganbatte yo.) |
| SUZUKI: Mm, that's right. Well, there is always next time, so do your best. |
| 女子社員 (joshi shain) : 本田さん、先週末はすばらしいゴルフでしたね！優勝おめでとう！社長も褒めてますよ。(Honda-san, senshūmatsu wa subarashii gorufu deshita ne! Yūshō omedetō! Shachō mo homete masu yo.) |
| FEMALE EMPLOYEE: Mr. Honda, last weekend's golf tournament was wonderful! Congratulations on the victory. The boss is also praising you. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yoshi: Let’s ask Yoshi-san what he thought of today’s conversation? |
| Takase: ヨシさん、今日の会話はどうでしたか。(Yoshi-san, kyō no kaiwa wa dō deshita ka.) |
| Yoshi: いやぁ、本田さんは実に賢いですね。(Iyā, Honda-san wa jitsu ni kashikoi desu ne.) |
| Peter: Really you think you are smart or crafty? |
| Yoshi: はい。これも一つの作戦。(Hai. Kore mo hitotsu no sakusen.) |
| Peter: Strategy. Takase-san, do you agree? |
| Takase: ヨシが言うことなら、なんでも。(Yoshi ga iu koto nara, nan demo.) |
| Peter: All right, you agree with whatever he says. |
| Takase: Yes. |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, let’s give that a try. Please tell Takase anything. No…. |
| Yoshi: 暑いです。(Atsui desu.) |
| Takase: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: All right, guys. Today is a follow up story and this mini-series actually has a point. Don’t be too competitive. Look what happens. You know, the first day Honda-san easily tricked Suzuki-san just by saying Oh I am going to finish something first. I am going to be better than you and easily get him off his game. So don’t be too competitive. Right, Takase-san? |
| Takase: I am not. |
| Peter: I wasn’t saying it. I was just… ah wow! That answer really changes everything. I was just, you know, throwing it out at you. All right, well anyway let’s get into today’s vocabulary. Here we go. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: First word. |
| Yoshi: 最初のキーワードは、急に (Saisho no kīwādo wa, kyū ni) |
| Peter: Suddenly. |
| Yoshi: (slow)きゅうに (kyū ni) (natural speed) 急に (kyū ni) |
| Peter: Now this word appears over and over in our dialogues because it is just that useful. Yoshi-san, can you ask Takase-san to give us an example sentence? |
| Yoshi: タカセさん、例文をお願いします。(Takase-san, reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Takase: 急に雨が降ってきました。(Kyū ni ame ga futte kimashita.) |
| Peter: It suddenly started to rain and do you remember our great episode on getting out of things? I have something to do. |
| Yoshi: 急に用事が入りました。(Kyū ni yōji ga hairimashita.) |
| Peter: I suddenly have something to do. Now what we want to point out here, what did we have in today’s conversation? |
| Yoshi: 急に用事ができました。(Kyū ni yōji ga dekimashita.) |
| Peter: Now here we are using the potential but also Yoshi-san, can you give us the example sentence, one more time? |
| Yoshi: 急に用事が入りました。(Kyū ni yōji ga hairimashita.) |
| Peter: Suddenly I have something to do. So we can use the verb |
| Yoshi: 入る (hairu) |
| Peter: And we can also use the verb |
| Yoshi: できる (dekiru) |
| Peter: And if there is something to do, we can also use the verb to exist for inanimate things which is |
| Yoshi: 用事があります。(Yōji ga arimasu.) |
| Peter: Yeah, so you will find many different constructions with this word, |
| Yoshi: 用事 (yōji) |
| Peter: All right. So just make a note of that. Next keyword, タカセさん、お願いします。(Takase-san, onegai shimasu.) |
| Takase: 次のキーワードは、締め切り (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, shimekiri) |
| Peter: Deadline |
| Takase: (slow)しめきり (shimekiri) (natural speed) 締め切り (shimekiri) |
| Peter: The world’s best motivator. How about an example sentence? Let’s get one out of Yoshi-san. Takase -san? |
| Takase: ヨシさん、例文をお願いします。(Yoshi-san, reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Yoshi: 明日の締め切りに、絶対間に合わない。(Ashita no shimekiri ni, zettai ma ni awanai.) |
| Peter: Let’s take a look at this word. Now this word is made up of two words put together, okay? What are those two words? |
| Yoshi: 締める (shimeru) |
| Peter: And |
| Yoshi: 切る (kiru) |
| Peter: Now what’s the first word? Give it to us, one more time. |
| Yoshi: 締める (shimeru) |
| Peter: What does this mean? |
| Yoshi: To squeeze, to tie up, to strangle. |
| Peter: And the second one. |
| Yoshi: 切る (kiru), to cut. |
| Peter: So it’s easy to visualize this as time is approaching, as the deadline is approaching, time is getting less and less and less and then finally cut, it’s over. |
| Yoshi: Yes, exactly. |
| Peter: Now what we are giving you here is |
| Yoshi: 締め切り (shimekiri) |
| Peter: Now this is the noun form. What’s the verb form? |
| Yoshi: 締め切る (shimekiru) |
| Peter: So there is the verb form of this. |
| Yoshi: Yeah. |
| Peter: All right. Give us the sentence, one more time. |
| Yoshi: 明日の締め切りに絶対間に合わない。(Ashita no shimekiri ni zettai ma ni awanai.) |
| Peter: I am definitely not going to meet tomorrow’s deadline. Now this works for reports, school reports, work, right? All kinds of deadlines. |
| Yoshi: Yes. |
| Peter: All right. Next we have. |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、褒める (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, homeru) |
| Peter: To praise. |
| Yoshi: (slow)ほめる (homeru) (natural speed) 褒める (homeru) |
| タカセさん、例文をお願いします。(Takase-san, reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Takase: ヨシがテストで満点を取って、先生が褒めました。(Yoshi ga tesuto de manten o totte, sensei ga homemashita.) |
| Peter: Yoshi got a perfect score on his test and the teacher praised him. Nice example sentence, Takase-san. |
| Takase: 本当に。(Hontō ni.) |
| Peter: Based on a true story? |
| Yoshi: Umm. Why are you guys looking at me like that? |
| Peter: All right. Next we have |
| Takase: 次のキーワードは、次回 (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, jikai) |
| Peter: Next time. |
| Takase: (slow)じかい (jikai) (natural speed) 次回 (jikai) |
| ヨシさん、例文をお願いします。(Yoshi-san, reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Yoshi: 次回のミーティングは来週の水曜日です。(Jikai no mītingu wa raishū no sui-yōbi desu.) |
| Peter: The next meeting is Wednesday of next week. |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、今回 (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, konkai) |
| Peter: This time. |
| Yoshi: (slow)こんかい (konkai) (natural speed) 今回 (konkai) |
| タカセさん、例文をお願いします。(Takase-san, reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Takase: 今回のテーマは歌舞伎です。(Konkai no tēma wa Kabuki desu.) |
| Peter: The topic this time is Kabuki. All right guys now, I need you to help me explain something. タカセさん、ヨシさん、お願いします。(Takase-san, Yoshi-san, onegai shimasu.) 次回 (jikai) and 今回 (konkai), what’s the difference? |
| Yoshi: 今回 (konkai) is just at this time like present time and 次回 (jikai) should be the next time. |
| Peter: All right guys, maybe you can help me. Yoshi-san, Takase-san. What’s the difference between 今回 (konkai) and 次回 (jikai)? Can you give me some kind of example to kind of clarify the difference? |
| Yoshi: Okay, say if you go to a class and the professor says 今回はチャプター２を勉強します。(Konkai wa chaputā tū o benkyō shimasu.) |
| Peter: This time we will study chapter 2. |
| Yoshi: So that means like in that class on that day, you are studying chapter 2. |
| Peter: Okay. |
| Yoshi: But if he said 次回はチャプター２を勉強します (jikai wa chaputā tū o benkyō shimasu) means in the next class maybe it could be next week or a few days later, you are studying the chapter 2 the next time. |
| Peter: All right. |
| Yoshi: Not this time. |
| Peter: Next time, we will study chapter 2. |
| Yoshi: Yes. |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, thank you so much. You cleared that up real fast. |
| Yoshi: Oh, yeah. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: All right. Today’s grammar point is the negative present progressive. Now Yoshi-san, the negative form of the present progressive, where do we find this in today’s dialogue? |
| Yoshi: プロジェクトが全然進んでいないです。(Purojekuto ga zenzen susunde inai desu.) |
| Peter: Now the way we have this in the dialogue is polite but what we are actually doing is taking the negative plain present progressive and attaching the polite form of the copula です (desu). This also makes it polite. Now we want to give you a side by side comparison. There are two ways to make the polite negative present progressive. The first one is, we gave you a few weeks back. |
| Yoshi: プロジェクトが全然進んでいません。(Purojekuto ga zenzen susunde imasen.) |
| Peter: The te-form plus |
| Yoshi: いません (imasen) |
| Peter: Now today we are giving you another way to make the polite negative present progressive. That is.. |
| Yoshi: プロジェクトが全然進んでいないです。(Purojekuto ga zenzen susunde inai desu.) |
| Peter: So you can see the side by side comparison. Again in the latter, we are taking the plain negative present progressive and attaching the copula です (desu) to it to make it polite. Now what we want to actually do is take a look at the plain negative present progressive and this is the te-form plus |
| Yoshi: いない (inai) |
| Peter: All we do is just attach |
| Yoshi: いない (inai) |
| Peter: To the te-form and that’s it. So how about the plain present progressive? For the plain present progressive, we just attach |
| Yoshi: いる (iru) |
| Peter: To the te-form of the verb. The plain negative present progressive, we attach |
| Yoshi: いない (inai) |
| Peter: To the te-form. Now again, the plain form would be used among friends or family members. To give you the best example, we are going to give you a short conversation between Yoshi-san’s mother and Yoshi. Now before we get into this conversation, we just want to remind you that when you form the plain past, you take the te-form and you take the final て (te) and turn it into a た (ta). For example, Yoshi-san, what’s the te-form of する (suru)? |
| Yoshi: して (shite) |
| Peter: Now to make the past, we just turn that て (te) to a た (ta)? |
| Yoshi: した (shita) |
| Peter: All right. Now that we have that down, let’s hear this conversation between Yoshi-san and his mother. |
| Takase: ヨシ、何してるの？(Yoshi, nani shite ru no?) |
| Yoshi: 勉強しています。(Benkyō shite imasu.) |
| Takase: 勉強していないでしょう。テレビ見てるでしょう。(Benkyō shite inai deshō. Terebi mite ru deshō.) |
| Yoshi: テレビは見ていない。(Terebi wa mite inai.) |
| Takase: ヨシ、ちゃんと勉強して。(Yoshi, chanto benkyō shite.) |
| Yoshi: はい。わかりました。(Hai. Wakarimashita.) |
| Peter: Today’s second grammar point. When you use |
| Takase: でしょう (deshō) |
| Peter: Before でしょう (deshō), you use the plain form of verbs. So if you listen to the previous conversation one more time, you will notice that before でしょう (deshō), the verbs come in the plain form. So plain form plus でしょう (deshō). |
Outro |
| Peter: All right, that’s going to do for today. Stop by japanesepod101.com to get the PDF. Check out the learning center and be sure to leave us a post. |
| Yoshi: またね。(Mata ne.) |
| Takase: また明日。(Mata ashita.) |
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