Learn how to use Japanese verbs in the past negative form
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Intro |
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| Jessi: Hi everyone, ジェシーです (Jeshī desu)。Jessi here! |
| Motoko: こんにちは Kon'nichiwa、Motoko です (desu)。 |
| Jessi: Visiting the Tokyo Game Show. Thanks again for joining us for this lesson! Motoko, what did we learn in the last lesson, Lesson 19? |
| Motoko: In the last lesson, we learned how to make the past tense form of verbs. For example, にほんに いきました (Nihon ni ikimashita)。 |
| Jessi: I went to Japan. And in this lesson, you'll learn how to ask someone if they have done something. |
| Motoko: Jessi, what's happening in this conversation? |
| Jessi: Taylor and Masato are at home, and Taylor is telling Masato about the video game convention he went to earlier that day. |
| Motoko: Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| Dialogue |
| テイラー: きょう、とうきょうゲームショウ に いきました。 |
| Taylor: Kyō, Tōkyō Gēmu shō ni ikimashita. |
| まさと: へー。ゲーム を かいましたか。 |
| Masato: Hē. Gēmu o kaimashita ka. |
| テイラー: いいえ、かいませんでした。でも いろいろな モバイルゲーム を しました。 |
| Taylor: Iie, kaimasen deshita. Demo iroiro na mobairu gēmu o shimashita. |
| まさと: モバイル ゲーム？ |
| Masato: Mobairu gēmu? |
| Jessi: Let’s listen to the conversation again slowly. |
| テイラー: きょう、とうきょうゲームショウ に いきました。 |
| Taylor: Kyō, Tōkyō Gēmu shō ni ikimashita. |
| まさと: へー。ゲーム を かいましたか。 |
| Masato: Hē. Gēmu o kaimashita ka. |
| テイラー: いいえ、かいませんでした。でも いろいろな モバイルゲーム を しました。 |
| Taylor: Iie, kaimasen deshita. Demo iroiro na mobairu gēmu o shimashita. |
| まさと: モバイル ゲーム？ |
| Masato: Mobairu gēmu? |
| Jessi: Now let’s listen to it with the translation. |
| テイラー: きょう、とうきょうゲームショウ に いきました。 |
| Taylor: Kyō, Tōkyō Gēmu shō ni ikimashita. |
| Jessi: Today I went to the Tokyo Game Show. |
| まさと: へー。ゲーム を かいましたか。 |
| Masato: Hē. Gēmu o kaimashita ka. |
| Jessi: Really! Did you buy a game? |
| テイラー: いいえ、かいませんでした。 |
| Taylor: Iie, kaimasen deshita. |
| Jessi: No, I didn't. |
| テイラー: でも いろいろな モバイルゲーム を しました。 |
| Taylor: Demo iroiro na mobairu gēmu o shimashita. |
| Jessi: But I played all kinds of mobile games. |
| まさと: モバイル ゲーム？ |
| Masato: Mobairu gēmu? |
| Jessi: Mobile games? |
| Vocabulary and Phrase Usage |
| Jessi: So Taylor came back from the Tokyo Game Show. I'm sure we have some listeners who are familiar with this event. Motoko, do you know about it? |
| Motoko: Yes! It's a pretty famous event. |
| Jessi: For those who don't know what it is, it's a yearly video game convention where game developers show their upcoming games and game-related hardware. The general public also gets to try out these latest games. It's a pretty big event; the one held in 2011 saw over 220,000 visitors. |
| Motoko: すごいですね (Sugoi desu ne)！ That's amazing. |
| Jessi: Yes, it's a must for video game fanatics. |
| Motoko: I think so. |
| Jessi: All right, now let's move onto a couple of vocab phrases we saw in this dialogue. The first one is... |
| Motoko: いろいろな (iroiro na) |
| Jessi: いろいろな (Iroiro na). This means "various", and it comes before a noun. |
| Motoko: In the dialogue, we had いろいろなモバイルゲーム (iroiro na mobairu gēmu) |
| Jessi: which is "various mobile games" or "all kinds of mobile games". Can we hear some other examples? |
| Motoko: Sure. いろいろなえいが (iroiro na eiga) |
| Jessi: all kinds of movies |
| Motoko: いろいろなほん (iroiro na hon) |
| Jessi: all kinds of books. Okay, and the next vocab word? |
| Motoko: でも (demo) |
| Jessi: And this means "but", or "however". It usually comes at the beginning of a sentence. Motoko, how was it used in the dialogue? |
| Motoko: Well, Masato asked Taylor, ゲームをかいましたか (Gēmu o kaimashita ka)？ |
| Jessi: which means “Did you buy a game?” |
| Motoko: And Taylor said いいえ、かいませんでした (Īe, kaimasen deshita)。 |
| Jessi: “No I didn't.” |
| Motoko: 「でも」、いろいろなモバイルゲームをしました。 (‘Demo', iroiro na mobairu gēmu o shimashita.) |
| Jessi: “But, I played all kinds of mobile games.” So here, we can see that Taylor brought up a kind of contrasting statement. I didn't do this, BUT I did this. |
| Motoko: That's right. |
| Jessi: Okay, and with that, let's move onto the lesson focus!! |
| Grammar Point |
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn how to ask if someone did something by asking a question in the past tense. In the last lesson, we learned how to make sentences in the past tense. This time, we'll be turning them into questions. Motoko, let's review how to turn a verb into the past tense. |
| Motoko: Sure. Remember that we change the end of a verb, ます (masu), to ました (ma shita)。 |
| Jessi: For example? |
| Motoko: えいがをみました。 (Eiga o mimashita.) |
| Jessi: I watched a movie. |
| Motoko: がっこうにいきました。 (Gakkō ni ikimashita.) |
| Jessi: I went to school. Now, if you remember from before, to turn a sentence into a question, we add か to the end. So, if we were to take these two sentences and make them questions, they would be? |
| Motoko: えいがをみましたか。 (Eiga o mimashita ka.) |
| Jessi: Did you watch a movie? And... |
| Motoko: がっこうにいきましたか。 (Gakkō ni ikimashita ka.) |
| Jessi: Did you go to school? Not so bad, right? |
| Motoko: It's pretty easy. |
| Jessi: Let's look at the example from the dialogue. When Taylor said that he went to the Tokyo Game Show, Masato asked... |
| Motoko: ゲーム を かいましたか。 (Gēmu o kaimashita ka.) |
| Jessi: Did you buy a game? Let's break this down. |
| Motoko: ゲーム (Gēmu) (Jessi: game) を かいました (o kaimashita) (Jessi: the past tense of buy, which is “bought”) か (ka) (Jessi: question particle). |
| Jessi: One more time? |
| Motoko: ゲーム を かいましたか。 (Gēmu o kaimashita ka.) |
| Jessi: Listeners, please repeat. |
| Motoko: ゲーム を かいましたか。 (Gēmu o kaimashita ka.) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Okay, now, I'd also like to cover how we can respond to a question like this. It's most common to respond with either はい (hai), yes, and then repeat the verb in the past tense form, or say いいえ (Īe), no, and then use the past-tense negative verb. |
| Motoko: Does that make sense? |
| Jessi: Let's look at an example to make it easier. We'll use our previous question, “did you buy a game?” If I wanted to say “Yes, I did”, what could I say? |
| Motoko: はい、かいました。 (Hai, kaimashita.) |
| Jessi: はい (Hai), yes, plus かいました (kaimashita). I bought. You basically just repeat the verb. Listeners, please repeat. |
| Motoko: はい、かいました。 (Hai, kaimashita.) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Now, saying "no" using the verb is a little more complicated. If I wanted to say “No, I didn't”, what could I say? |
| Motoko: いいえ、かいませんでした。 (Īe, kaimasen deshita.) |
| Jessi: いいえ (Īe)、No, plus かいませんでした (kaimasen deshita) I didn't buy. Motoko, how did we get this form? |
| Motoko: Well, do you remember how to make the negative form, we change ます (masu) to ません (masen)？You take that negative form, and then add でした (deshita) to it. |
| Jessi: Let's see some more examples. |
| Motoko: For いきます (ikimasu), to go, the negative form is いきません (ikimasen). And then we add でした (deshita)。いきませんでした。 (Ikimasen deshita.) |
| Jessi: And this means “didn't go”. |
| Motoko: For たべます (tabemasu), to eat, the negative form is たべません (tabemasen). And then we add でした (deshita)。たべませんでした。 (Tabemasen deshita.) |
| Jessi: Which means “didn't eat”. Listeners, are you ready to try one now? |
| Motoko: Let's try it with the verb きます (kimasu), to come. |
| Jessi: Okay. Listeners, the negative form of きます (kimasu) is... |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Okay, Motoko, It is? |
| Motoko: きません。 (Kimasen.) |
| Jessi: Right. Then you add でした (deshita)... Listeners, can you put those two together? |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Okay, Motoko, It is? |
| Motoko: きませんでした。 (Kimasen deshita.) |
| Jessi: Right. きませんでした (Kimasen deshita)。 Didn't come. |
| Motoko: That's right! |
| Jessi: Okay! Well, that was a lot of information. Motoko, can we hear the exchange between Taylor and Masato one more time? |
| Motoko: Sure. Masato asks ゲームをかいましたか (gēmu o kaimashita ka)。 And Taylor says いいえ、かいませんでした (Īe, kaimasen deshita)。 |
Outro |
| Jessi: All right, sounding good! Listeners, be sure to let us know if you have any questions about this lesson. |
| Motoko: Leave us a comment and create your own sentences. |
| Jessi: We look forward to hearing from you! All right. Until next time. |
| Motoko: じゃあまた。 (Jā mata.) |
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