Learn how to use Japanese verbs in their non-past affirmative and interrogative forms
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
Intro |
|---|
| Jessi: Hey everyone, ジェシーです (Jeshī desu)。Jessi here! |
| Motoko: こんにちは (Kon'nichiwa)、Motokoです (desu)。 |
| Jessi: Visiting a Japanese Home.Thanks for joining us for this lesson. In the last lesson, we learned how to ask and talk about means of transportation for going somewhere. |
| Motoko: Yes, for example, でんしゃで うちに いきます (densha de uchi ni ikimasu)。I go home by train. |
| Jessi: That's right. And in this lesson, we'll learn how to make sentences using verbs and objects. For example, “I watch TV”. |
| Motoko: Yes. Jessi, what's happening in the conversation? |
| Jessi: Taylor, Chiemi, and Sarah have just arrived at Masato and Kaori's house. |
| Motoko: Okay! Let's listen to the conversation. |
| Dialogue |
| かおり: いらっしゃい。 |
| Kaori: Irasshai |
| テイラー: おじゃまします。 |
| Taylor: Ojama shimasu. |
| ちえみ: おひさしぶり です。 |
| Chiemi: O Hisashi-buridesu. |
| サラ: (goo gaa) |
| Sarah: (goo gaa) |
| テイラー: あ、くつ を ぬぎます か。 |
| Taylor: A, kutsu o nugimasu ka. |
| まさと: はい。スリッパ、どうぞ。 |
| Masato: Hai. Surippa, dōzo. |
| テイラー: サラ、くつ を ぬぎます よ。 |
| Taylor: Sara, kutsu o nugimasu yo. |
| サラ: (goo gaa) |
| Sarah: (goo gaa) |
| Jessi: Let’s listen to the conversation again slowly. |
| かおり: いらっしゃい。 |
| Kaori: Irasshai |
| テイラー: おじゃまします。 |
| Taylor: Ojama shimasu. |
| ちえみ: おひさしぶり です。 |
| Chiemi: O Hisashi-buridesu. |
| サラ: (goo gaa) |
| Sarah: (goo gaa) |
| テイラー: あ、くつ を ぬぎます か。 |
| Taylor: A, kutsu o nugimasu ka. |
| まさと: はい。スリッパ、どうぞ。 |
| Masato: Hai. Surippa, dōzo. |
| テイラー: サラ、くつ を ぬぎます よ。 |
| Taylor: Sara, kutsu o nugimasu yo. |
| サラ: (goo gaa) |
| Sarah: (goo gaa) |
| Jessi: Now let’s listen to it with the translation. |
| かおり: いらっしゃい。 |
| Kaori: Irasshai |
| Jessi: Welcome. |
| テイラー: おじゃまします。 |
| Taylor: Ojama shimasu. |
| Jessi: Sorry to disturb you. |
| ちえみ: おひさしぶり です。 |
| Chiemi: O Hisashi-buridesu. |
| Jessi: It's been a while. |
| テイラー: あ、くつ を ぬぎます か。 |
| Taylor: A, kutsu o nugimasu ka. |
| Jessi: Oh, do we take off our shoes? |
| まさと: はい。スリッパ、どうぞ。 |
| Masato: Hai. Surippa, dōzo. |
| Jessi: Yes. Here you are…some slippers. |
| テイラー: サラ、くつ を ぬぎます よ。 |
| Taylor: Sara, kutsu o nugimasu yo. |
| Jessi: Sarah, we're taking our shoes off. |
| Vocabulary and Phrase Usage |
| Jessi: All right, so they've made it to Masato's house! |
| Motoko: Yes, they have. |
| Jessi: And, what's the first thing they have to do when they get there? |
| Motoko: Take their shoes off. |
| Jessi: Right. I'm sure many of our listeners already know this, but in Japan, it's customary to take your shoes off before entering a home; any home. |
| Motoko: Yes, this is a rule that everyone follows. |
| Jessi: When walking around inside a house, people usually wear slippers or something like that. So, just something to remember if you go to Japan and visit someone's home! |
| Motoko: Yes, don't be surprised! |
| Jessi: Okay, let's look at some of the vocab we saw in this lesson. First is... |
| Motoko: いらっしゃい！ (Irasshai!) |
| Jessi: いらっしゃい (Irasshai)！ And this means, welcome! |
| Motoko: Kaori said it to welcome them into their home. |
| Jessi: Right, so kind of like "welcome to our home". Now, Motoko... a couple of lessons ago, we learned ようこそ (Yōkoso), which also means "welcome". So... what's the difference? |
| Motoko: Good question. I guess you could say that ようこそ (yōkoso) is more formal... kind of a "bigger" welcome. |
| Jessi: Ahh, now that you mention it, I get the impression that it's used a lot when welcoming people to a certain area, or a country, or some other place in a formal setting. |
| Motoko: Right. On the other hand, いらっしゃい (irasshai) is used mostly at homes and other small-scale places. |
| Jessi: Ah, that makes sense! So that's why Kaori used いらっしゃい(irasshai) to welcome Taylor and his family, because she was welcoming them into her home. |
| Motoko: そうです (Sō desu) , that's right. |
| Jessi: Okay. The next phrase is a review from the last season. |
| Motoko: Yes. おじゃまします (Ojama shimasu)。 |
| Jessi: おじゃまします (Ojama shimasu). Literally, this means "I am going to intrude on you", and so it kind of has the meaning of "I'm sorry for intruding in on you." |
| Motoko: We say this when entering someone's home. |
| Jessi: Yes, it's a set phrase used when you visit someone's home. In the dialogue, it gets translated as "Sorry to disturb you." |
| Motoko: This is a good set phrase to remember. |
| Jessi: Definitely. And lastly, we have... |
| Motoko: the particle よ (yo). |
| Jessi: よ (Yo) is a particle that comes at the end of a sentence to add emphasis. This is especially useful when providing new information. |
| Motoko: Yes, something that the listener doesn't know. |
| Jessi: So in this case, Taylor uses it to tell Sarah that they are going to take their shoes off. |
| Motoko: He says サラ、くつ を ぬぎます よ (Sara, kutsu o nugimasu yo)。 |
| Jessi: "Sarah, we're taking our shoes off." Okay, and actually, this type of sentence is what we're going to cover in the lesson focus. |
| Motoko: Okay, let's take a look! |
| Grammar Point |
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll go over making sentences that use verbs and objects. For example "I take my shoes off" or "I eat rice". |
| Motoko: For example, the phrase "take off", and the word "eat" are the verbs, right? |
| Jessi: Right! Verbs are words that describe actions. In these sentences, we also have an object. The thing that is "receiving" the action, so to speak. |
| Motoko: That would be "shoes" in the sentence "I take off my shoes". |
| Jessi: Yes, and the word "rice" in the sentence "I eat rice". So, we'll go over how to put these kinds of sentences together. Motoko, can you give us our pattern? |
| Motoko: Sure. It is... Aは (wa) [object] を (o) [verb]. |
| Jessi: Aは (wa) [object] を (o) [verb]. Does that make sense? In English, the sentence order would be [A] + [verb] + [object], and it roughly means "A does [something] to [object]". Remember that the Aは (wa) in the beginning is optional. So now, let's give some examples. |
| Motoko: Okay. In the last season, we had わたしは にくをたべます (watashi wa niku o tabemasu) |
| Jessi: Let's break it down. |
| Motoko: わたしは (Watashi wa) (Jessi: I plus は [wa]) にくを (niku o) (Jessi: meat plus を [o]) たべます (tabemasu) (Jessi: eat). |
| Jessi: So of course this means "I eat meat." Meat is our object, so を (o) comes after it, and we have the verb, たべます (tabemasu), at the end. Remember that verbs in Japanese always come... where, Motoko? |
| Motoko: At the end. |
| Jessi: Right, at the end of the sentence. So, let's give another example. |
| Motoko: In the dialogue, Taylor tells Sarah, くつを ぬぎますよ (kutsu o nugimasu yo)。 |
| Jessi: This is the sentence we saw earlier. It means "Sarah, we're taking our shoes off." You might be able to tell that we don't have the Aは part in the beginning here. |
| Motoko: Yes, we have くつを (kutsu o) (Jessi: shoes plus) を ぬぎます (o nugimasu) (Jessi: a verb meaning “to take off”) よ (yo) (Jessi: the particle that is used for emphasis). |
| Jessi: So, can we hear it one more time? |
| Motoko: Sure. くつを ぬぎますよ。(Kutsu o nugimasu yo.) |
| Jessi: "We're taking our shoes off." Great! Now, in this lesson, I also want to go over how to make these into questions. |
| Motoko: If you remember, it's very easy. |
| Jessi: Yup, just add the particle か (ka) at the end of the sentence, and it becomes a question. So the pattern for the question is? |
| Motoko: Aは (wa) [object] を (o) [verb] か (ka). |
| Jessi: The same as our previous pattern, only the か is added at the end. So, for example, if we were to use our previous example, and ask someone if they eat meat, you could say... |
| Motoko: にくを たべますか。 (Niku o tabemasu ka.) |
| Jessi: にくを たべますか (Niku o tabemasu ka)？Do you eat meat? The original sentence was にくを たべます (niku o tabemasu), and then we just add か (ka)。 |
| Motoko: にくを たべますか。 (Niku o tabemasu ka.) |
| Jessi: Now, please repeat. Do you eat meat? |
| Motoko: にくを たべますか。 (Niku o tabemasu ka.) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: All right. Great! Let's look at the example we had in the dialogue. |
| Motoko: Before they entered Masato's house, Taylor asked... くつを ぬぎますか (Kutsu o nugimasu ka)。 |
| Jessi: "Do we take off our shoes?" Let's break it down. |
| Motoko: くつを (Kutsu o) (Jessi: shoes plus を(o) ぬぎます (nugimasu) (Jessi: take off) か (ka)(Jessi: particle か [ka] that makes it a question). |
| Jessi: So, one more time? |
| Motoko: くつを ぬぎますか。 (Kutsu o nugimasu ka.) |
| Jessi: Okay, let's try one more. This time, let's use some new words. |
| Motoko: Okay! |
| Jessi: How about... do you watch TV? |
| Motoko: Okay, sounds good. First, TV is テレビ (terebi). |
| Jessi: テレビ (terebi) |
| Motoko: And "watch" is みます (mimasu). |
| Jessi: Okay, so in this sentence we'll leave out the Aは (wa) in the beginning, and just start with the object. So, that would be... テレビをみますか (Terebi o mimasu ka)。 |
| Motoko: Right. Let's go through it. テレビを (Terebi o) (Jessi: TV, plus を(o)) みます (mimasu) (Jessi: watch) か (ka) (Jessi: particle か (ka) that makes it a question)。 |
| Jessi: So, the whole thing one more time? |
| Motoko: テレビをみますか。 (Terebi o mimasu ka.) |
| Jessi: Listeners, please repeat. Do you watch TV? |
| Motoko: テレビをみますか。 (Terebi o mimasu ka.) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Great, so our two patterns are... once again? |
| Motoko: [Aは (wa) object を (o) verb] to make a statement, and [Aは (wa) object を (o) verb か (ka)] to ask a question. The Aは (wa) is optional. |
Outro |
| Jessi: Excellent! Listeners, have you got those both down? Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples of both of these patterns. |
| Motoko: Also, please try making your own sentences! |
| Jessi: Yup, you can leave us a comment on this lesson practicing what you've learned. Okay, well, I think that's all for this lesson! |
| Motoko: Yes, thanks for listening, everyone. |
| Jessi: Thank you as always. We'll see you next time! |
| Motoko: じゃあまた。 (Jā mata.) |
Easily master this lesson’s grammar points with in-depth explanations and examples. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Comments
Hide