translation help please..dareka tanomu..T-T

[grey_yoma]

im having difficulty finding the meaning of "kureta"
can anyone tell me the closest meaning to this word please..

[annie]

how about if you give us a sentence.

it's a common giving/receiving verb, so depending on particles and sentence structure it can have connotations of either.

[grey_yoma]

ty for reply here is the sentence:
kimi ga kureta natsu .....=)

ty in advance

[markdweaver]

im having difficulty finding the meaning of "kureta"
can anyone tell me the closest meaning to this word please..

kureru is used when somebody gives you something, not when you give somebody something. And that somebody has to (I think) be the same social status or lower.

Example:
tomodachi ga ringo o kureta
my friend gave me an apple

If they're higher up in status, you would use kudasaru

Example:
Sensei ga ringo o kudasatta
my teacher gave me an apple

In both sentences the indirect object (who is receiving the apple), which is you, is understood.

When you are giving something to somebody else, you use 'ageru' for equal status, or 'sashiageru' when giving to someone higher up.

[markdweaver]

ty for reply here is the sentence:
kimi ga kureta natsu .....=)

ty in advance

I don't know what 'natsu' is supposed to mean, besides 'summer.'

That being the case, the phrase is:
the summer you gave me

This is a good phrase to learn, because you can replase 'natsu' with different things, to mean:
the (insert word here) you gave me

君がくれた本
kimi ga kureta hon
the book you gave me

etc.

Mark

[sphere]

disclaimer: the following may not be 100% correct. It's just a part of what I learn from my experiences). Any experts who spot any mistakes, please correct me (and I get to learn something new )

just repeating some basics to add on in case you find markdweaver's post a little advanced (bringing in culture/politeness etc)

first, I think you should know (if you don't yet) that kureta(くれた) is really the ta(た)-Form of kureru(くれる)(also 呉れる though it is more common to use only kana).

kureru is a special case of ageru (to give) where the general "direction of giving" (for lack of a better phrase) is towards you or your organization.

Example 1:
A gives B an apple.
AさんはBさんにりんごをあげました。
--use ageru cause the "direction of giving" *is not* towards the speaker

Example 2:
A gives me an apple.
Aさんは私にりんごをくれました。
--use kureru cause the "direction of giving" *is* towards the speaker

Example 3:
My sister gives me an apple.
姉は私にりんごをくれました。
--use kureru cause the "direction of giving" *is* towards the speaker

Example 4:
I give my sister an apple.
私は姉にりんごをあげました。
--use ageru cause the "direction of giving" *is not* towards the speaker

Example 5:
A gives my sister an apple.
Aさんは姉にりんごをくれました。
--use kureru cause the "direction of giving" *is* towards the speaker(speaker's family: my sister is "closer" to speaker than A)

Example 6:
My brother gives my sister an apple.
兄は姉にりんごをあげました。
--use ageru cause the "direction of giving" *is NOT* towards the speaker(both my sister and my brother are part of the family, so they are "equidistant" from me, so the direction of giving is not towards me)

Example 7:
(Say I live in country X)
Country Y gives Country X an apple. (lol..awkward statement, but bear with it for illustration purposes)
Y国はX国にりんごをくれました。
--use kureru cause the "direction of giving" *is* towards the speaker(speaker's country X is closer to speaker than country Y)

Example 7 can be extended to any organization like school, society, firm/company, country, planet (if exchanging gifts with ETs)...

Common pitfall: Also note that ageru and kureru is for GIVING. A common mistakes among beginners (myself included in the past) is confusing kureru with RECEIVING. "to receive" is a totally different verb morau (もらう/貰う).

Hope this is of help

[sphere]

I don't know what 'natsu' is supposed to mean, besides 'summer.'
Mark

could it be "nuts"?

[markdweaver]

I don't know what 'natsu' is supposed to mean, besides 'summer.'
Mark

could it be "nuts"?

I'd prefer "nashi".

You can buy pretty good ones at COSTCO.

[Jason]

Just to give a broader view of giving/receiving, here's a graphical representation of each giving/receiving word and in what circumstances it should be used.

Giving
-くれる/くださる
[me]<----[giver (anyone)]
[my in-group]<----[giver (from out-group)]*

*くれる/くださる is never used between people in the same in-group unless you yourself are the receiver. For example, you wouldn't use it to say your Mom gave your sister some money. But you would if your next door neighbor gave your Mom some extra food they made, or if your sister gave you a crappy birthday present. くださる is the honorific form of くれる.

-あげる/さしあげる/やる
[me]---->[reciever (anyone)]
[giver (other than me]---->[reciever (not me or in my in-group)]

さしあげる is the humble for of あげる. やる should only be used towards things like plants and animals and only with people that (a) are noticeably lower than you; (b) you are very close with; or (c) you want to insult.

Receiving
-もらう/いただく
[receiver (anyone)]<-----[giver (anyone)]

いただく is the humble form of もらう.

Particles are vital in knowing who the giver and receiver are in a sentence. In giving, the giver is marked by は/が and the receiver by に. In receiving, the giver is marked by に/から and the receiver by は/が.