Learn the basic dos and don'ts for using extra formal Japanese
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: ใใชใใงใใ |
| Chris: Chris here, Showing Respect with Formal Japanese Language. |
| Naomi: ใฌใในใณ๏ผ๏ผใปใปใปใจ่จใใใจใฏใใใฎใฌใในใณใใๆๅพใฎใฌใในใณใงใใญใ |
| Chris: Right. This is the last lesson of this Lower Intermediate season 6. |
| ใใฎใฌใในใณใงใฏไฝใๅๅผทใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใพใๆฌ่ชใซใคใใฆๅๅผทใใพใใ |
| Chris: You'll learn more about extra formal language. |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฎไผ่ฉฑใฏใฉใธใช็ช็ตใงใฎไผ่ฉฑใงใใ่ฟๆฃฎๆธกใใใจใๆ็ฐใใญใใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใใๆ็ฐใใญใใใฏใใใใผ่ฌๅธซใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: This lesson's conversation takes place at a radio program called "Chokotto Manaa". |
| This show is hosted by Wataru Chikamori and Kane Mochida. As some of you might remember, Kane is an etiquette teacher. |
| Naomi: ใฉใธใช็ช็ตใชใฎใงใไธๅฏงใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ |
| Chris: This is a formal conversation. |
| Naomi: ใงใฏใ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| Chris: Let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| ่ฟๆฃฎๆธก: ่ฟๆฃฎๆธกใฎใกใใใฃใจใใใผใฎใๆ้ใงใใ |
| : ๆ็ฐใใญๅ ็ใไปๆฅใใใใใใ้กใใใใใพใใ |
| ๆ็ฐใใญ: ใฏใใ |
| ่ฟๆฃฎๆธก: ๆๅใฎ่ณชๅใงใใ |
| : ใใใใซใกใฏใไฟบใฏๆตทๅคใง่ฒใฃใใฎใงใๆฌ่ชใ่ฆๆใ ใ |
| : ใใฎๅๅ ่ผฉใซใๆไผใฃใฆใปใใใงใใใใจ่จใฃใใใใใฃใจใใใใ |
| : ไฝใๆชใใฃใใใ ๏ผใ |
| ๆ็ฐใใญ: ใใใใใใใใใ |
| : ใงใ็ฎไธใฎไบบใซใใฆใปใใใงใใใใฏไฝฟใใชใใปใใใใใงใใญใ |
| : ใๆไผใใพใใใใใใจใใๆไผใใใฆใใ ใใใใ |
| : ใใฃใจ็ฐกๅใซใๆไผใใพใใใจ่จใใใจใใงใใพใใใ |
| ่ฟๆฃฎๆธก: ใชใใปใฉใ |
| : ใใฎ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅๅ ็ใๆฎ้ๆ็ดใงใไฟบใใฏไฝฟใใชใใงใใใญใ |
| ๆ็ฐใใญ: ใใใงใใญใ |
| : ็ฅใใชใไบบใซๆ็ดใๆธใๆใฏใใใงใใใใพใใใไฝฟใฃใฆไธๅฏงใซๆธใใพใใใใญใ |
| : ใไฝใๆชใใฃใใใ ๏ผใใใใชใใฆใไฝใๆชใใฃใใใงใใใใใไฝใๆชใใฃใใใงใใใใใใงใใ |
| Naomi: ไปๅบฆใฏ่ฑ่ชใฎ่จณใจไธ็ทใซ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| ่ฟๆฃฎๆธก: ่ฟๆฃฎๆธกใฎใกใใใฃใจใใใผใฎใๆ้ใงใใ |
| Chris: It's time for Wataru Chikamori's 'A Little Bit of Etiquette'. |
| : ๆ็ฐใใญๅ ็ใไปๆฅใใใใใใ้กใใใใใพใใ |
| Chris: Teacher Kane Mochida, thank you for being with us again today. |
| ๆ็ฐใใญ: ใฏใใ |
| Chris: Yes. |
| ่ฟๆฃฎๆธก: ๆๅใฎ่ณชๅใงใใ |
| Chris: Here's the first question. |
| : ใใใใซใกใฏใไฟบใฏๆตทๅคใง่ฒใฃใใฎใงใๆฌ่ชใ่ฆๆใ ใ |
| Chris: "Hello. I was brought up abroad, so I'm no good at using polite language. |
| : ใใฎๅๅ ่ผฉใซใๆไผใฃใฆใปใใใงใใใใจ่จใฃใใใใใฃใจใใใใ |
| Chris: The other day, when I said to an older student "Do you want me to help?", he got all offended with me. |
| : ไฝใๆชใใฃใใใ ๏ผใ |
| Chris: What's up with that?" |
| ๆ็ฐใใญ: ใใใใใใใใใ |
| Chris: Oh, I feel for him. |
| : ใงใ็ฎไธใฎไบบใซใใฆใปใใใงใใใใฏไฝฟใใชใใปใใใใใงใใญใ |
| Chris: However, it's best not to say "Do you want me to...?" to your superiors. |
| : ใๆไผใใพใใใใใใจใใๆไผใใใฆใใ ใใใใ |
| Chris: "Shall I help?" or "Please allow me to help". |
| : ใใฃใจ็ฐกๅใซใๆไผใใพใใใจ่จใใใจใใงใใพใใใ |
| Chris: More simply, you can also say "I'll help". |
| ่ฟๆฃฎๆธก: ใชใใปใฉใ |
| Chris: I see. |
| : ใใฎ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅ๏ฝฅๅ ็ใๆฎ้ๆ็ดใงใไฟบใใฏไฝฟใใชใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: Um... Teacher, usually we don't use "ore" in letters, do we? |
| ๆ็ฐใใญ: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Chris: That's right. |
| : ็ฅใใชใไบบใซๆ็ดใๆธใๆใฏใใใงใใใใพใใใไฝฟใฃใฆไธๅฏงใซๆธใใพใใใใญใ |
| Chris: When you write a letter to someone you don't know, please write politely using "desu" and "-masu". |
| : ใไฝใๆชใใฃใใใ ๏ผใใใใชใใฆใไฝใๆชใใฃใใใงใใใใใไฝใๆชใใฃใใใงใใใใใใงใใ |
| Chris: Rather than "What's up with that?", you should say "What was wrong with that?" or "I wonder what was wrong with that?" |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Chris: ใใคๆฌ่ชใไฝฟใฃใฆใใใคไฝฟใใชใใงใใใฎใใปใปใปใฃใฆ้ฃใใใงใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญ๏ฝใ |
| Chris: ไธๅฏงใช่ฉฑใๆนใฎไธญใซใฌใใซใใใใพใใใญใใใงใใใใจใใใงใใใใพใใใใจใใ |
| ใใใพใใใใจใใใใใใพใใใใจใใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใใใใงใใญใ |
| Chris: ๅ้ใงใใๅนดไธใฎๅ้ใซใฏใๆฅๆฌไบบใฏไธๅฏงใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใใชใใงใใใญใๅ้ใงใใ่ชๅใใๅนดไธใ ใฃใใใๅบๆฌ็ใซใฏๆฌ่ชใงใใ |
| Chris: ใ ใใใใฉใใช่จ่ใง่ฉฑใใใใใใ ใจใฆใ้ฃใใใงใใ |
| Choosing what level of formality to use in Japanese can be difficult. It seems like Japanese people speak formally when they talk to older people, even if they're good friends. It can also be hard to switch suddenly between formality levels when speaking to a variety of people at the same time. |
| Naomi: ๅนดไธใจใๅใๅนดใใใใฎๅ้ใซใฏใซใธใฅใขใซใซ่ฉฑใใพใใใใจใๅญไพใซใใซใธใฅใขใซใซ่ฉฑใใพใใญใใงใใๅนดไธใฎๅ้ใซใฏใใงใใใใพใใใไฝฟใฃใๆนใๅฎๅ จใงใใใๅฎขใใใซใฏใๆฌ่ชใhonorific ใจใhumble ใจใใใไฝฟใใพใใ |
| Chris: ใชใใปใฉ I see. ไธๅธใจใๅ ็ใฏใฉใใงใใ๏ผHow about bosses and teachers? |
| Naomi: ใใใฏใไผ็คพใๅญฆๆ กใซใใใพใใญใใพใใใงใใใใพใใใงใใใจใฏๆใใพใใ |
| Chris: So...it depends on the office or school? But generally using 'desu' and 'masu' forms is a good idea. |
| Naomi: ใฏใชในใใใฏใๆฌ่ชใใฉใใใฃใฆๅๅผทใใพใใใ๏ผใชในใใผใซใขใใใคในใฏใใใพใใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: How did I study keigo? Do I have any advice for listeners? |
| Chris: ใพใใ็ทด็ฟใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ็ทด็ฟใใฉใใใใตใใซ็ทด็ฟใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: ใใฎใผใๅคงๅญฆใฎๆใซใๆๆฅญๅ ใงใญใผใซใใฌใคใใฟใใใชๆใใงใ |
| Naomi: ใใผใ |
| Chris: ไพใใฐใไผ็คพใฎ้ขๆฅใจใใ |
| Naomi: ใฏใใ |
| Chris: ใใใใใทใใฅใจใผใทใงใณใไฝใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟใใพใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใใใใๅฎ้ใซ่จใ็ทด็ฟใใใชใใจใใใชใใจใใใใจใงใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใ็ตๆงใ่จใๆ ฃใใชใใจใใใชใใจๆใใพใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใญใ |
| Chris: So I would recommend that if you wanna learn keigo, you just have to practice it. Step up role plays or situations. Just practice speaking keigo. I think itโs the only way to really master it. |
| Naomi: ใใใขใใใคในใ ใจๆใใพใใ |
| Chris: ใใใใจใใใใใพใใ |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Chris: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is: |
| Naomi: ๆตทๅค [natural native speed] |
| Chris: overseas |
| Naomi: ๆตทๅค [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆตทๅค [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ๆฌ่ช [natural native speed] |
| Chris: honorific language, terms of respect |
| Naomi: ๆฌ่ช [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆฌ่ช [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ็ฎไธ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: superior, senior |
| Naomi: ็ฎไธ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ็ฎไธ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: I see, that's right, indeed |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ไธๅฏง [natural native speed] |
| Chris: polite, courteous; Adj(na) |
| Naomi: ไธๅฏง [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ไธๅฏง [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Chris: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: The first word/phrase weโll look at is.... |
| Chris: What are we looking at first? |
| Naomi: ใใฃใ(็ฌ๏ผ |
| Chris: ใใใฃใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใฏใใๆฌๆ ่ชonomatopoeiaใฎใใใฃใใงใใ |
| Chris: ใใใฃใis the onomatopoeia indicates the situation that someone gets sullen or morose because they're offended. |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใงใฏใใใใฃใจใใใใใจใใใพใใใ |
| Chris: Let's break this down. |
| Naomi: ใใฃ |
| Chris: the onomatopoeia indicating offense |
| Naomi: ใจ |
| Chris: quotation particle |
| Naomi: ใใใ |
| Chris: the past passive form of ใใ which expresses the speaker's troubled feeling. |
| Chris: So the literal translation of ใใฃใจใใใ would be "Someone become sullen and I felt annoyed." In this lesson's dialogue, it's translated as "he got all offended with me". |
| ใใคใขใญใฐใฎๆ็ซ ใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ใใฎๅๅ ่ผฉใซใๆไผใฃใฆใปใใใงใใใใจ่จใฃใใใใใฃใจใใใใ |
| Chris: "The other day, when I said to an older student "Do you want me to help?", he got all offended with me." |
| Naomi: ใใฃใจใใใใปใปใปใไฝฟใใพใใใฉใใใใฃใจใใใใใใใไฝฟใใพใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใฃใจใใใmeans "to get sullen" or "to be offended" or "annoyed" |
| ไพใใฐใใๅใฏใใใใใใใฆใใฃใจใใใใใฏใ"I heard that and got annoyed" ใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใฏใใ |
| Chris: ใใใใคใ๏ฝใ"to feel irritated"ใใจไผผใฆใใพใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใใใใฃใใใใใฃใใๆฌๆ ่ช onomatopoeia ใงใๅใใใใชๆๅณใงใใ |
| ใใ ใใใใใคใใใฎๆนใใๅผทใใงใใ็ฎไธใฎไบบใซใฏไฝฟใใชใใปใใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
| Chris: ใชใใปใฉใI see. |
| ใใใคใ has a much stronger connotation, so it's better not to use when you're talking with your superior. And Naomi-sensei has just used the next word.ๆฌกใฎๅ่ชใฏ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ็ฎไธ |
| Chris: superior, senior, someone who has higher social status. |
| Naomi: ๆผขๅญใ่ฆใใฐใใใใพใใใญใ็ฎไธใ็ฎใใไธใซใใใ |
| ่ฑ่ชใงใ look up to someone ใฃใฆ่จใใพใใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: ใชใใปใฉ I see. We usually "look up to someone" who has higher social status than us in English, right? Naomi-sensei, meue is usually followed by no hito, isn't it? |
| Naomi: ใฏใใ็ฎไธใฎไบบ |
| Chris: It's just a nicer way of saying ็ฎไธ and indicates the person who has higher social status than you, such as bosses or seniors. ็ฎไธใใฎๅๅฏพใฎ่จ่ใฏ? What's the opposite word? |
| Naomi: ็ฎไธ |
| Chris: meshita is "subordinate" or "inferior".ใใชใใปใฉใI see๏ฝ. |
| And did you notice that we've using ใชใใปใฉ over and over in this lesson? |
| Naruhodo means "I see". |
| Naomi: ใใใฏใๆฌๅฝใซใใไฝฟใใพใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ไพฟๅฉใงใใฎใง่ฆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
Lesson focus |
| Chris: In this lesson, you'll learn the basic dos and don'ts for extra formal language. |
| Naomi: ใใฎใฌใในใณใงใฏใใพใใใฏใคใบใใใฆใ็ญใใฎ่ชฌๆใใใชใใใซใผใซใๅๅผทใใพใใใใ |
| Chris: In this audio portion, we'll give you a quiz and we'll introduce keigo rules explaining the answers. |
| Naomi: ็ใใใฎไผ็คพใซใๅฎขใใใๆฅใพใใใ็ใใใฏใ่ถใใใใใใงใใไฝใจ่จใใพใใใ |
| ๏ผ๏ผใ่ถใใปใใใงใใใ |
| ๏ผ๏ผใ่ถใ้ฃฒใฟใใใงใใใ |
| ๏ผ๏ผใ่ถใใใใงใใใ |
| Chris: (pause). Was it too easy? So Naomi-sensei, what are we supposed to say when we offer tea to a client or visitor? |
| Naomi: 3.ใใ่ถใใใใงใใ |
| Chris: "How about some tea?" |
| Naomi: ๏ผ๏ผใ่ถใใปใใใงใใ๏ผ"Do you want some tea?" 2 ใ่ถใใฎใฟใใใงใใ๏ผ ใฏใๅคฑ็คผใงใใ |
| Chris: So 2 and 3 are not appropriate. |
| Here's Rule 1. |
| Rule 1- Do not ask "WANT". |
| Naomi: ใใใใใจใณใผใ ใใใ(็ฌ๏ผ |
| Chris: In Japanese asking someone's desire such as -hoshii desu ka "do you want-?" or -tai desu ka "do you want to-?" sounds too direct and therefore sounds rude and impudent. |
| Naomi: ใใคใขใญใฐใซใใใใพใใใใใๆไผใฃใฆใปใใใงใใใใ"Do you want me to help you?" ใใใกใงใใๅคใใใซใใๆไผใใพใใใใใ"Shall I help you?"ใงใใญใ |
| Chris: So if you're offering to do something for someone, you'd use -mashou ka "Shall I?" |
| Naomi: ใใใๆฌกใฎๅ้กใงใใ |
| ใๅฎขใใใๆ็ใๅบๆฅใใใฉใใใใใใใงใใไฝใจ่จใใพใใ๏ผ |
| 1. ๆ็ใงใใพใใ๏ผ |
| 2. ๆ็ใชใใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: So...how would you ask if someone can cook? |
| Naomi: 2. ๆ็ใชใใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: "Do you cook?" |
| 1 ใฎใๆ็ใงใใพใใ๏ผ ใฏใใกใใฃใจใปใปใปใใคใฌใฏใใใใพใใญใใงใใพใใ๏ผใใฏ็ฎไธใฎไบบใซใฏใใใชใๆนใใใใงใใ |
| Chris: Here's rule 2 - Do not ask "CAN". Asking ability or capability can sound too direct, depending on the situation. When talking about something someone might feel embarrassed to say that he/she can't do, it's better to avoid using potential forms. |
| Naomi: ใ ใใใ้่ปขใงใใพใใใ"Can you drive" ใใใชใใฆใใ้่ปขใใพใใใ ใจใใใ้่ปขใชใใใพใใใใ"Do you drive?" ใจ่จใฃใๆนใใใใงใใญใ |
| Chris: I think it's kind of the same in English. We tend to say "Do you drive?" instead of "Can you drive?", don't we? |
| Naomi: ใใใๆๅพใฎๅ้กใงใใ |
| ็ใใใฏใใใขใผใฌใคใใงใใใๅฎขใใใๅ็ใใจใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใฟใฆใไฝใจ่จใใพใใ๏ผ |
| 1 ๅ็ใใจใฃใฆใใใพใใ |
| 2 ๅ็ใใจใใพใใใใ |
| 3 ๅ็ใใจใฃใฆใปใใใงใใใ |
| Chris: Imagine, you're a tour guide and guiding Japanese tourists. They're taking pictures at a sightseeing spot. You'd like to say... "I'll take a picture for you." in Japanese. |
| Naomi: ๆญฃใใใฎใฏใปใปใป๏ผๅ็ใใจใใพใใใใ "Shall I take a picture?" |
| 1 ๅ็ใใจใฃใฆใใใพใ "I'll take a picture for you" ใใ๏ผๅ็ใใจใฃใฆใปใใใงใใ "Do you want me to take picture" ใๅคฑ็คผใงใใ |
| Chris: You've just learned about "-te hoshii" But what's wrong about number 1? |
| Naomi: ใฆใใใ ใไฝฟใใจใใใใ arrogantใซ่ใใใพใใญใ |
| Chris: The -te form of a verb plus ageru or agemasu means "to do something for someone". However when used directly to the person who gets the benefit of your action, it sounds arrogant. |
| Naomi: ใจใใใใจใงใใฏใชในใใใใซใผใซ๏ผใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: Rule 3ใผ Do no use -te agemasu! |
| Naomi: ็ฎไธใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใใจใใฏใใ ใปใใใใใใใใใงใใใใใใใใใฎไฝฟใๆนใซๆฐใใคใใพใใใใญใ |
| Chris: You have to be careful of "-hoshii" "-tai" "-dekiru" and "-ageru" when you're talking to someone who is superior to you. |
| Naomi: ใใฃใจใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆฌ่ชใฎ่ฉฑใใใฆใใพใใใใใฏใชในใใใ่ฑ่ชใซใไธๅฏงใช่กจ็พใฃใฆใใใพใใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใกใใใใใพใใ"----" ใจใใ"----"ใใจใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใฃใฆใ็ฅใใชใใฆใๅคงไธๅคซใงใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: ใใผใใไบบใซใใใพใใญใๅ้ใจ่ฉฑใใจใใซใฏใคใใใพใใใใฉใปใปใปใใธใในใงใฏๅฟ ่ฆใ ใจๆใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆฌ่ชใๅใใงใใๅ้ใจ่ฉฑใใจใใซใฏๅฟ ่ฆใงใฏใชใใใงใใใงใใ็ฎไธใฎไบบใใๅฎขใใใจ่ฉฑใใจใใซใฏๅคงๅใชใใฎใชใฎใงใ่ฆใใฆใใใใปใใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
Outro |
| Chris: ็ใใใLower Intermediate Series Season 6ใ่ใใฆใใใฆใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ |
| Naomi: ็ใใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใใใฏใชในใใใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใใ |
| Chris: ใพใใใไผใใใพใใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใใฎๆฅใพใงใๅ ๆฐใงใ |
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