Learn how to create passive sentences
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Kat: Kat here. Actively Learn This Passive Japanese. In this lesson we are going to learn more about the passive sentence! |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) Do you remember 食べられる (taberareru)? |
| Kat: “to be eaten” |
| Naomi: And プロポーズされる (puropōzu sareru)? |
| Kat: “to be proposed marriage” |
| Naomi: From last lesson? |
| Kat: This conversation takes place in the office. |
| Naomi: 二人の同僚が話しています。(Futari no dōryō ga hanashite imasu.) |
| Kat: The conversation is between 2 colleagues. |
| Naomi: 歩さんと渡さんですね。二人は友達です。(Ayumu-san to Wataru-san desu ne. Futari wa tomodachi desu.) |
| Kat: Ayumu and Wataru. And they're good friends, so they are going to be speaking informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞いてみましょう。(Dewa, kiite mimashō.) |
| Kat: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : さっき、そこで夏目先生と会ったんだけど・・・。(Sakki, soko de Natsume-sensei to atta n da kedo…) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 結婚するって言ってた？(Kekkon suru tte itte ta?) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : どうして知ってるの？(Dōshite shitte ru no?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 先生に結婚披露宴の司会を頼まれたから。(Sensei ni kekkon hirōen no shikai o tanomareta kara.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。自分も、披露宴に呼ばれた。(Hē. Jibun mo, hirōen ni yobareta.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 「若くてかわいい子なんだ。一目ぼれだった」って、自慢されたわ。("Wakakute kawaii ko nan da. Hitomebore datta" tte, jiman sareta wa.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。うらやましい。(Hē. Urayamashii.) |
| : でも、その若い子にだまされていないかな？大丈夫かな？(Demo, sono wakai ko ni damasarete inai ka na? Daijōbu ka na?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 大丈夫でしょ。でも、「君、早く結婚をしなさい」って言われたわ。(Daijōbu desho. Demo, "Kimi, hayaku kekkon o shinasai" tte iwareta wa.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 大きなお世話だよね。(Ōkina o-sewa da yo ne.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : そうそう。(Sō sō.) |
| Naomi: もう一度、会話を聞いてください。今度はゆっくり話します。(Mō ichi-do, kaiwa o kiite kudasai. Kondo wa yukkuri hanashimasu.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : さっき、そこで夏目先生と会ったんだけど・・・。(Sakki, soko de Natsume-sensei to atta n da kedo…) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 結婚するって言ってた？(Kekkon suru tte itte ta?) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : どうして知ってるの？(Dōshite shitte ru no?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 先生に結婚披露宴の司会を頼まれたから。(Sensei ni kekkon hirōen no shikai o tanomareta kara.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。自分も、披露宴に呼ばれた。(Hē. Jibun mo, hirōen ni yobareta.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 「若くてかわいい子なんだ。一目ぼれだった」って、自慢されたわ。("Wakakute kawaii ko nan da. Hitomebore datta" tte, jiman sareta wa.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。うらやましい。(Hē. Urayamashii.) |
| : でも、その若い子にだまされていないかな？大丈夫かな？(Demo, sono wakai ko ni damasarete inai ka na? Daijōbu ka na?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 大丈夫でしょ。でも、「君、早く結婚をしなさい」って言われたわ。(Daijōbu desho. Demo, "Kimi, hayaku kekkon o shinasai" tte iwareta wa.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 大きなお世話だよね。(Ōkina o-sewa da yo ne.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : そうそう。(Sō sō.) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語の訳と一緒に聞いてみましょう。(Kondo wa, Eigo no yaku to issho ni kiite mimashō.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : さっき、そこで夏目先生と会ったんだけど・・・。(Sakki, soko de Natsume-sensei to atta n da kedo…) |
| Kat: Just now, over there, I met Mr. Natsume, and... |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 結婚するって言ってた？(Kekkon suru tte itte ta?) |
| Kat: Did he say he was getting married? |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : どうして知ってるの？(Dōshite shitte ru no?) |
| Kat: How do you know that? |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 先生に結婚披露宴の司会を頼まれたから。(Sensei ni kekkon hirōen no shikai o tanomareta kara.) |
| Kat: Because I was asked by him to be the master of ceremonies at the wedding reception. |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。自分も、披露宴に呼ばれた。(Hē. Jibun mo, hirōen ni yobareta.) |
| Kat: Wow...I was invited to the reception too. |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 「若くてかわいい子なんだ。一目ぼれだった」って、自慢されたわ。("Wakakute kawaii ko nan da. Hitomebore datta" tte, jiman sareta wa.) |
| Kat: He was boasting, saying "She's so young and cute. It was love at first sight." |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。うらやましい。(Hē. Urayamashii.) |
| Kat: Really...I'm jealous. |
| : でも、その若い子にだまされていないかな？大丈夫かな？(Demo, sono wakai ko ni damasarete inai ka na? Daijōbu ka na?) |
| Kat: But I wonder whether he's not being taken in by that young girl? I wonder whether everything's OK... |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 大丈夫でしょ。(Daijōbu desho.) |
| Kat: Of course it's OK. |
| でも、「君、早く結婚をしなさい」って言われたわ。(Demo, "Kimi, hayaku kekkon o shinasai" tte iwareta wa.) |
| Kat: But you know he said to me, "You, hurry up and get married." |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 大きなお世話だよね。(Ōkina o-sewa da yo ne.) |
| Kat: He should mind his own business. |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : そうそう。(Sō sō.) |
| Kat: Exactly. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: すごい！やっぱり一目ぼれをしたんですね。(Sugoi! Yappari hitomebore o shita n desu ne.) |
| Kat: 一目ぼれ (hitomebore) as you remember from the last time is love at first sight. |
| Naomi: キャットさん、「一目」はなんですか。(Kyatto-san, “hitome” wa nan desu ka.) |
| Kat: 一目 (hitome) is “one glance”. |
| Naomi: And…「ぼれ」は from a verb ほれる。「ほれる」は英語で何ですか。(“Bore” wa “from a verb” horeru. “Horeru” wa Eigo de nan desu ka.) |
| Kat: Hmm. Kind of to fall passionately in love with, I suppose to be kind of addicted to someone almost. |
| Naomi: じゃあ、「一目ぼれ」は英語で？(Jā, “hitomebore” wa Eigo de?) |
| Kat: Maybe literally, one grance passionate love, I guess. |
| Naomi: なるほど、ロマンチックですね。(Naruhodo, romanchikku desu ne.) |
| Kat: Hmm. So romantic. なおみ先生は信じないですね？残念ながら。(Naomi-sensei wa shinjinai desu ne? Zannen nagara.) |
| Naomi: そうですね。人には一目ぼれをしないですね。(Sō desu ne. Hito ni wa hitomebore o shinai desu ne.) |
| Kat: So you don’t fall in love with people at first sight. |
| Naomi: でも洋服とか靴とかに一目ぼれをして買ったりします。(Demo yōfuku toka kutsu toka ni hitomebore o shite kattari shimasu.) |
| Kat: Aah! So you fall in love at first sight with clothes and shoes. (laugh) |
| Naomi: この服、一目ぼれをして買いました。(Kono fuku, hitomebore o shite kaimashita.) |
| Kat: That’s so girly. It’s like I just fell in love with it and just had to buy it. That’s such a girly thing to say. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Kat: So the guys out there just be very careful if you say… この洋服に一目ぼれをしちゃいました。(Kono yōfuku ni hitomebore o shichaimashita.) |
| Naomi: そうですね。男のリスナーの皆さん、気をつけてください。彼女とかおくさんにだけ使ってください。(Sō desu ne. Otoko no risunā no mina-san, ki o tsukete kudasai. Kanojo toka okusan ni dake tsukatte kudasai.) |
| Kat: That’s right. Another piece of advice for male listeners out there. Only use 一目ぼれ (hitomebore) for your wife or girlfriend. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Kat: OK. So now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| And the first word we are going to see is: |
| Naomi: 結婚披露宴 (kekkon hirōen) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: wedding reception banquet |
| Naomi: 結婚披露宴 (kekkon hirōen) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 結婚披露宴 (kekkon hirōen) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 司会 (shikai) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: chairman, master of ceremonies |
| Naomi: 司会 (shikai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 司会 (shikai) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: OK. And next: |
| Naomi: だます (damasu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to trick, to cheat, to deceive |
| Naomi: だます (damasu) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: だます (damasu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 一目ぼれ (hitomebore) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: love at first sight |
| Naomi: 一目ぼれ (hitomebore) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 一目ぼれ (hitomebore) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally: |
| Naomi: 自慢 (jiman) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: self-praise, boastfulness |
| Naomi: 自慢 (jiman) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 自慢 (jiman) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: OK. So now, let's have a bit closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. And what are we going to look at first? |
| Naomi: 結婚披露宴 (kekkon hirōen) |
| Kat: “wedding reception dinner”, or “party”. This word is made up of three parts. |
| Naomi: はい。まず、結婚 (Hai. Mazu, kekkon) |
| Kat: “marriage” |
| Naomi: 披露 (hirō) |
| Kat: “announcement” |
| Naomi: 宴 (en) |
| Kat: “party”, “dinner” |
| Kat: 結婚 (kekkon) is sometimes omitted, and just 披露宴 (hirōen) is used to mean “wedding reception” in a conversation. |
| Naomi: そうですね。披露宴は大体、結婚式の後にしますね。(Sō desu ne. Hirōen wa daitai, kekkonshiki no ato ni shimasu ne.) |
| Kat: Right. And 披露宴 (hirōen) often takes place right after the 結婚式 (kekkonshiki) or wedding ceremony itself. 結婚 (kekkon) is "marriage" and 式 (shiki) here means "ceremony". |
| Naomi: そうです。あ、それから、日本の結婚式と結婚披露宴は、招待された人しか行けません。(Sō desu. A, sorekara, Nihon no kekkonshiki to kekkon hirōen wa, shōtai sareta hito shika ikemasen.) |
| Kat: In Japan, only those who have been specifically invited can attend the wedding ceremony and the reception. So you can't for example bring your partner or family members, unless they are also exclusively invited. |
| Naomi: 注意してくださいね。(Chūi shite kudasai ne.) |
| Kat: And the next one is? |
| Naomi: 大きなお世話 (ōkina o-sewa) |
| Kat: This literally means “big care” or “big attention,” but it indicates a situation in which someone else is being meddlesome. The phrase 大きなお世話だ (ōkina o-sewa da) corresponds to “it’s none of your business” in English. |
| Naomi: うん、英語と同じで、すごく強いですね～。「大きなお世話！」(Un, Eigo to onaji de, sugoku tsuyoi desu nē. “Ōkina o-sewa!”) |
| Kat: Naomi-sensei...Some listeners might be thinking why 大きな (ōkina)? Isn't 大きい (ōkii), an i-adjective? |
| Naomi: Right. 大きい (ōkii) and 小さい (chiisai) are i-adjectives. But 大きな (ōkina) and 小さな (chiisana) are sometimes used before nouns as well. |
| Kat: And the meanings are completely the same, right? 大きい (ōkii) and 大きな (ōkina), and 小さい (chiisai) and 小さな (chiisana). |
| Naomi: うん、大体同じですね。(Un, daitai onaji desu ne.) |
| Kat: Ah so they are the same, then. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) It's said that 大きい (ōkii) and 小さい (chiisai) are used when simply describing the size. |
| Whereas 大きな (ōkina) and 小さな (chiisana) are used based on one's subjective opinion. But for beginner level it's safe to stick to 大きい (ōkii) and 小さい (chiisai). |
| Kat: Right. But in the case of 大きなお世話 (ōkina o-sewa) is an idiom, or a set phrase, so it has to be 大きな (ōkina). We can't say 大きいお世話 (ōkii o-sewa). |
| Naomi: 言えないですね。(Ienai desu ne.) It sounds very strange. It should be 大きなお世話 (ōkina o-sewa). |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: The focus of this lesson is passive sentences. |
| Naomi: The passive voice is called 受身 (ukemi) in Japanese, so… 受身を勉強しましょう。(Ukemi o benkyō shimashō.) |
| Kat: Let's study the usage of the passive. In this lesson, you'll learn how to change class 1 verbs into passive forms. |
| For class 1 verbs, you add れる (reru) to the informal negative form stem, or the nai-form stem. |
| Let us show you with some examples. How do you say "to say"? |
| Naomi: 言う (iu) |
| Kat: And the informal negative form or nai-form is? |
| Naomi: 言わない (iwanai) |
| Kat: Drop ない (nai) to get the nai-form stem. |
| Naomi: 言わ (iwa) |
| Kat: Add れる (reru) to it. |
| Naomi: 言われる (iwareru) |
| Kat: This means "to be said." Let's do more. How do you say "to trick" or "to deceive"? |
| Naomi: だます (damasu) |
| Kat: And what's the nai-form? |
| Naomi: だまさない (damasanai) |
| Kat: Drop ない (nai) to get the nai-form stem. |
| Naomi: だまさ (damasa) |
| Kat: Add れる (reru). |
| Naomi: だまされる (damasareru) |
| Kat: "to be tricked", "to be deceived". Can we have a sample sentence for this one? |
| Naomi: はい。ゴロウは悪い人にだまされた。(Hai. Gorō wa warui hito ni damasareta.) |
| Kat: "Goro was deceived by a bad guy." Please notice that the performer of the action is marked by the particle に (ni). 悪い人に (warui hito ni) "by a bad guy". OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: ゴロウは悪い人にだまされた。(Gorō wa warui hito ni damasareta.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "Goro was deceived by a bad guy" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: (pause) ゴロウは悪い人にだまされた。(Gorō wa warui hito ni damasareta.) |
| Kat: When something unfavorable happens to you, you can express your dissatisfaction using the passive form in Japanese. |
| Naomi: This grammar is a little difficult to translate into English. But here's a sample sentence. |
| 私は雨に降られた。(Watashi wa ame ni furareta.) |
| Kat: The literal translation is "I was rained on." But actually Naomi-sensei, this doesn’t necessarily mean the rain has physically fallen on you, right? |
| Naomi: そうですね。雨が降っていやだったとか不便だったという意味です。(Sō desu ne. Ame ga futte iya datta toka fuben datta to iu imi desu.) |
| Kat: So it can mean the rain has actually fallen on you physically. But most times, it means that you were annoyed, or inconvenienced, by the fact that it rained. So that means we can even translate 私は雨に降られた (watashi wa ame ni furareta) as something like "Annoyingly, it rained." Can we hear it one more time? |
| Naomi: 私は雨に降られた。(Watashi wa ame ni furareta.) |
| Kat: "Annoyingly, it rained." OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: 私は雨に降られた。(Watashi wa ame ni furareta.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "Annoyingly, it rained" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: 私は雨に降られた。(Watashi wa ame ni furareta.) |
| Kat: This grammar is called the indirect passive, and there's a more detailed writeup in the lesson notes. So don't forget to check those! |
| Naomi: Hmm. Passive. 受身は難しいですよね。(Ukemi wa muzukashii desu yo ne.) |
| Kat: 難しいですね。(Muzukashii desu ne.) When I was learning Japanese for the first time, I found the passive and the indirect passive, my most hated part of Japanese grammar. So we understand what you are going through, listeners. But… 頑張ってください。(Ganbatte kudasai.) |
| Naomi: はい、頑張ってください。 じゃ、また。(Hai, ganbatte kudasai. Ja, mata.) |
| Kat: Bye！ |
Outro |
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