Learn how to say "I've done something" in Japanese
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです！(Naomi desu!) |
| Kat: Kat here! Finish Your Japanese Beans. In this lesson you'll learn how to say "I've finished doing something". Such as... |
| Naomi: 食べてしまった (tabete shimatta) |
| Kat: “I've finished eating” |
| Naomi: してしまった (shite shimatta) |
| Kat: “I've finished doing.” So Naomi-sensei, this conversation takes place at? |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) |
| Kat: home. And who is this conversation between? |
| Naomi: ジョシュと大地と大地のお母さん (Joshu to Daichi to Daichi no o-kā-san) |
| Kat: Josh, his host brother Daichi, and Daichi's mother. Josh uses informal Japanese to Daichi and formal Japanese to his host mother. |
| Naomi: じゃ、聞いてみましょう。(Ja, kiite mimashō.) |
| Kat: So, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 大地 (Daichi) : おにはー そと、ふくはー うち。おにはー そと、ふくはー うち。(Oni wā soto, fuku wā uchi. Oni wā soto, Fuku wā uchi.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : ジョシュは２５才だから、２５個、豆を食べるんだよ。(Joshu wa ni-jū go-sai da kara, ni-jū go-ko, mame o taberu n da yo.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ？２５個も食べるの？...数えるの？(Ee? Ni-jū go-ko mo taberu no? ... Kazoeru no?) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : うん。(Un.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : あら、もう豆まき、終わってしまったの？(Ara, mō mamemaki, owatte shimatta no?) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。豆も食べてしまいました。(Hai. Mame mo tabete shimaimashita.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : じゃ、これも食べてしまってね。(Ja, kore mo tabete shimatte ne.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : なんですか？これ？(Nan desu ka? Kore?) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : いわし。(Iwashi.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : あ、まずいよ、それ。食べないほうがいいよ。(A, mazui yo, sore. Tabenai hō ga ii yo.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : ...大地、早く宿題をしてしまいなさい。(... Daichi, hayaku shukudai o shite shimainasai.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : はーい。(Hāi.) |
| Naomi: もう一度、会話を聞いてください。今度はゆっくり話します。(Mō ichi-do, kaiwa o kiite kudasai. Kondo wa yukkuri hanashimasu.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : おにはー そと、ふくはー うち。おにはー そと、ふくはー うち。(Oni wā soto, fuku wā uchi. Oni wā soto, Fuku wā uchi.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : ジョシュは２５才だから、２５個、豆を食べるんだよ。(Joshu wa ni-jū go-sai da kara, ni-jū go-ko, mame o taberu n da yo.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ？２５個も食べるの？...数えるの？(Ee? Ni-jū go-ko mo taberu no? ... Kazoeru no?) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : うん。(Un.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : あら、もう豆まき、終わってしまったの？(Ara, mō mamemaki, owatte shimatta no?) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。豆も食べてしまいました。(Hai. Mame mo tabete shimaimashita.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : じゃ、これも食べてしまってね。(Ja, kore mo tabete shimatte ne.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : なんですか？これ？(Nan desu ka? Kore?) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : いわし。(Iwashi.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : あ、まずいよ、それ。食べないほうがいいよ。(A, mazui yo, sore. Tabenai hō ga ii yo.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : ...大地、早く宿題をしてしまいなさい。(... Daichi, hayaku shukudai o shite shimainasai.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : はーい。(Hāi.) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語の訳と一緒に聞いてみましょう。(Kondo wa, Eigo no yaku to issho ni kiite mimashō.) |
| 大地 (Daichi) : おにはー そと、ふくはー うち。(Oni wā soto, fuku wā uchi.) |
| Kat: Demons out, good fortune in. |
| 大地 (Daichi) : おにはー そと、ふくはー うち。(Oni wā soto, Fuku wā uchi.) |
| Kat: Demons out, good fortune in. |
| 大地 (Daichi) : ジョシュは２５才だから、２５個、豆を食べるんだよ。(Joshu wa ni-jū go-sai da kara, ni-jū go-ko, mame o taberu n da yo.) |
| Kat: Josh, you're twenty-five, so you have to eat twenty-five beans. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ？２５個も食べるの？...数えるの？(Ee? Ni-jū go-ko mo taberu no? ... Kazoeru no?) |
| Kat: Huh? I have to eat twenty-five? ... Are you going to count? |
| 大地 (Daichi) : うん。(Un.) |
| Kat: Yep. |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : あら、もう豆まき、終わってしまったの？(Ara, mō mamemaki, owatte shimatta no?) |
| Kat: Oh dear, have you already finished the bean throwing? |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。豆も食べてしまいました。(Hai. Mame mo tabete shimaimashita.) |
| Kat: Yes. We've finished eating the beans too. |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : じゃ、これも食べてしまってね。(Ja, kore mo tabete shimatte ne.) |
| Kat: Alright, eat these up too. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : なんですか？これ？(Nan desu ka? Kore?) |
| Kat: What are these? |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : いわし。(Iwashi.) |
| Kat: Sardines. |
| 大地 (Daichi) : あ、まずいよ、それ。食べないほうがいいよ。(A, mazui yo, sore. Tabenai hō ga ii yo.) |
| Kat: Oh, those are disgusting. Better not eat them. |
| お母さん (o-kā-san) : ...大地、早く宿題をしてしまいなさい。(... Daichi, hayaku shukudai o shite shimainasai.) |
| Kat: ...Daichi, hurry up and finish your homework. |
| 大地 (Daichi) : はーい。(Hāi.) |
| Kat: Okaaaay. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: これは、節分の日の話ですね。(Kore wa, setsubun no hi no hanashi desu ne.) |
| Kat: So this conversation takes place on the day of 節分 (setsubun). |
| Naomi: うん。節分は２月３日です。(Un. Setsubun wa ni-gatsu mikka desu.) |
| Kat: 節分 (setsubun) is on February the 3rd. And 節分 (setsubun) literally means “seasonal divisions". |
| Naomi: そうですね。あの、節分は冬の最後の日なんです。(Sō desu ne. Ano, setsubun wa fuyu no saigo no hi nan desu.) |
| Kat: Ah... So February the third is considered to be the official last day of winter. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Kat: So what do you do on 節分 (setsubun) in Japan? |
| Naomi: うん、豆をまきます。(Un, mame o makimasu.) |
| Kat: So you throw beans? What kind of beans? Does it have to be a special kind? |
| Naomi: Yeah. Roasted soybeans. And when we throw beans we shout… 鬼は外、福は内。(Oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi.) |
| Kat: 鬼は外 (oni wa soto) means “demons outside or out," while 福は内 (fuku wa uchi) means “good fortune in or inside". People say this phrase to drive away evil spirits that bring misfortune and bad health, and to welcome in good fortune for traditional. |
| Naomi: Right. But when we say this phrase, we often prolong the particle は (wa) and say... おには～そと、ふくは～うち。(Oni wā soto, fuku wā uchi.) |
| Kat: おには～そと、ふくは～うち。(Oni wā soto, fuku wā uchi.) |
| Naomi: そうです、そうです。(Sō desu, sō desu.) After we throw beans, we then eat the same number of beans as our age. |
| Kat: So you have to count them? 数えなければならないですか。(Kazoenakereba naranai desu ka.) |
| Naomi: うーん、子供は数えます・・・でも、大人は適当だと思います。(Ūn, kodomo wa kazoemasu… Demo, otona wa tekitō da to omoimasu.) |
| Kat: (laugh) So children count the beans, but adults can just eat as many as they like! |
| Naomi: そうそうそう。(Sō sō sō.) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Kat: Ok, so now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| And the first word is: |
| Naomi: 個 (ko) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: counter for small objects |
| Naomi: 個 (ko) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 個 (ko) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 数える (kazoeru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to count |
| Naomi: 数える (kazoeru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 数える (kazoeru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: もう (mō) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: already |
| Naomi: もう (mō) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: もう (mō) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: Next: |
| Naomi: 終わる (owaru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to finish, to end |
| Naomi: 終わる (owaru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 終わる (owaru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: まずい (mazui) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: tastes bad, distasteful |
| Naomi: まずい (mazui) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: まずい (mazui) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: Alright. So now, let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Kat: And the first one we'll look at is? |
| Naomi: も (mo) |
| Kat: “as many as”, “even”. When the particle も (mo) comes after an amount, it emphasizes the preceding amount. For example |
| Naomi: 私は二時間勉強した。(Watashi wa ni-jikan benkyō shita.) |
| Kat: “I studied for two hours.” If the particle も (mo) were to follow the amount...in this case 二時間 (ni-jikan), two hours... |
| Naomi: 私は二時間も勉強した。(Watashi wa ni-jikan mo benkyō shita.) |
| Kat: “I studied for -as many as- two hours.” |
| Naomi: そうです、例えば...。 (Sō desu, tatoeba...) For example…キャットは１００ドル持っている。(Kyatto wa hyaku-doru motte iru.) |
| Kat: "Kat has 100 dollars." This is just a statement, isn't it? You're just stating a fact completely. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) Right. But if I think 100 dollars is a lot of money, I'd say… キャットは１００ドルも持っている。(Kyatto wa hyaku-doru mo motte iru.) |
| Kat: “Kat has -as much as- 100 dollars.” In English of course we usually miss out the "as much as" or "as many as" and just convey the emphasis by the tone of our voice, like "Kat has 100 dollars." or "100 dollars." (laugh) OK, so what are we going to look at next? |
| Naomi: なんですか、それ。(Nan desu ka, sore.) |
| Kat: "What -is- that?" In informal conversation, people will often switch the word order to emphasize different parts of the sentence. Just as we do in English. |
| Naomi: Right. The original sentence was… それはなんですか。(Sore wa nan desu ka.) |
| Kat: "What is that?" The information the speaker wants to highlight comes to the beginning of the sentence in Japanese. Let's look at more examples. |
| Naomi: 遅れて、ごめん。(Okurete, gomen.) |
| Kat: This means "Sorry to be late", or "Sorry I'm late". In an even more informal conversation, this phrase might become... |
| Naomi: ごめん、遅れて。(Gomen, okurete.) |
| Kat: This emphasizes the apology and sounds much more informal. It’s like ‘Sorry… I’m late.’ If you think something is cute, you say... |
| Naomi: これ、かわいい。(Kore, kawaii.) |
| Kat: "This is cute." これ、かわいい (kore, kawaii) becomes かわいい、これ (kawaii, kore) when emphasis the cuteness. |
| Naomi: うん、そうそうそう。(Un, sō sō sō.) |
| Kat: The grammatical term for this is called inversion, and it actually happens a lot in both formal and informal conversation in Japanese. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: The focus of this lesson is how to say “I've already done something”, or "I've finished doing something". |
| Naomi:「[Te-form of a verb] +しまう」を勉強します。(”[Te-form of a verb] + shimau” o benkyō shimasu.) |
| Kat: We are going to study the usage of 〜てしまう (-te shimau). So Naomi-sensei, how do you say... "I did homework"? |
| Naomi: 私は宿題をした。(Watashi wa shukudai o shita.) |
| Kate: This sentence used as a past tense so of course, also conveys a completed action. But if you want to -emphasize- that you have completely finished the homework, you can use the 〜てしまう (-te shimau) construction. |
| Naomi: 私は宿題をしてしまった。(Watashi wa shukudai o shite shimatta.) |
| Kat: "I've finished doing homework." |
| Now let's look at the formation of this 〜てしまう (-te shimau) construction. Naomi-sensei, how do you say "to read" in Japanese? |
| Naomi: 読む (yomu) |
| Kat: The te-form is? |
| Naomi: 読んで (yonde) |
| Kat: Now attach しまう (shimau) to it. |
| Naomi: 読んでしまう (yonde shimau) |
| Kat: "complete reading" or "finish reading". Now change しまう (shimau) to its past tense, しまった (shimatta). |
| Naomi: 読んでしまった (yonde shimatta) |
| Kat: "have completed reading" or "finished reading" |
| Naomi: もう、本を読んでしまった。(Mō, hon o yonde shimatta.) |
| Kat: "I've already finished reading the book." Now listeners, you repeat it! |
| Naomi: もう、本を読んでしまった。(Mō, hon o yonde shimatta.) |
| Kat: (pause). Listeners, say "I've already finished reading the book." |
| Naomi: (pause) もう、本を読んでしまった。(Mō, hon o yonde shimatta.) |
| Kat: Let's do one more example. Naomi-sensei, how do you say "to eat"? |
| Naomi: 食べる (taberu) |
| Kat: And the te-form of that is? |
| Naomi: 食べて (tabete) |
| Kat: Now attach しまう (shimau) to it. |
| Naomi: 食べてしまう (tabete shimau) |
| Kat: Change this into the past tense... |
| Naomi: 食べてしまった (tabete shimatta) |
| Kat: "have completed eating" or "finished eating" |
| Naomi: もう、お昼ごはんを食べてしまった。(Mō, o-hirugohan o tabete shimatta.) |
| Kat: “I have already finished eating lunch.” Now, listeners, you repeat it! |
| Naomi: もう、お昼ごはんを食べてしまった。(Mō, o-hirugohan o tabete shimatta.) |
| Kat: (pause). Listeners, say "I have already finished eating lunch?" |
| Naomi: (pause) もう、お昼ごはんを食べてしまった。(Mō, o-hirugohan o tabete shimatta.) |
| Kat: お腹すきましたね。(Onaka sukimashita ne.) Talking about eating makes me hungry... なおみ先生、ランチに行きませんか。(Naomi-sensei, ranchi ni ikimasen ka.) |
| Naomi: あ～、すみません。レコーディングの前に、お昼ごはんを食べてしまいました。(Ā, sumimasen. Rekōdingu no mae ni, o-hirugohan o tabete shimaimashita.) |
| Kat: You already had lunch before recording? |
| Naomi: ごめんね！(Gomen ne!) |
| Kat: 残念です！(Zannen desu!) Oh no, that's such a shame... |
| Naomi: すみません。また今度。(Sumimasen. Mata kondo.) |
| Kat: So maybe, maybe next time. I'll hold you to that! OK everyone, that's all for this lesson. |
| Naomi: それじゃ、また。(Soreja, mata.) |
| Kat: Bye everyone! See you next time. |
Outro |
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