INTRODUCTION |
Natsuko: ใใใซใกใฏใใชใคใใงใใ |
Naomi: ใชใใฟใงใใ |
Chris: Chris here. Japan Truly Has The People's Court. |
Naomi:ใๅฝๆฐใฎๆณๅปทใใฃใฆใใๆใใงใใใญใ |
Natsuko: ใใใงใใญใไปๅใฏ โCitizen Judge Systemโใใคใพใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใฎใ่ฉฑใชใใงใใ |
Naomi: ไปๅใฏๆฅๆฌใฎ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใซใคใใฆใฎไผ่ฉฑใ่ใใฆใ่ฃๅคใซ้ขไฟใใ่จ่ใๅๅผทใใฆใใใพใใ |
Chris: In this lesson, we will learn about Japanโs Citizen Judge system, and study vocabulary relevant to this topic. |
Naomi: ไปๅใฏใใใฌใ็ช็ตใงใฎไผ่ฉฑใงใใ |
Natsuko: ใขใใฆใณใตใผใใๅคงๅญฆใฎๆณๅญฆ้จๆๆใใ่ฉฑใ่ใใฆใใใใใงใใใ็้ข็ฎใชใใฌใ็ช็ตใงใใใใไบไบบใจใไธๅฏงใชๆฅๆฌ่ชใง่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ |
Chris: This conversation takes place between an announcer and a professor of law. The conversation takes place on a television show. You will hear formal conversation about the law. |
Natsuko: ใใใงใฏใ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
DIALOGUE |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ไปๆฅใฏใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅนด๏ผๆใซๅงใพใฃใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใซใคใใฆใๆฑ่ฅฟๅคงๅญฆๆณๅญฆ้จใฎไฝ่ณๆๆใซใ่ฉฑใไผบใฃใฆใใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ใงใฏใไฝ่ณๆๆใ็ฐกๅใซใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใใซใคใใฆใ่ชฌๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ใฏใใใพใใ20ๆญณไปฅไธใฎๅฝๆฐใฎไธญใใ็กไฝ็บใซ่ฃๅคๅกใ้ธใฐใใพใใ |
: ่ฃๅคๅกใฏใ่ฃๅคๅฎใจไธ็ทใซใๅไบ่ฃๅคใซๅๅ ใใฆใ่ขซๅไบบใๆ็ฝชใ็ก็ฝชใใๆฑบใใพใใ |
: ๆ็ฝชใฎๅ ดๅใฏใใใฎๅใฎๅ
ๅฎนใๆฑบใใใปใปใปใจใใๅถๅบฆใงใใ |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:็งใใกใฎ่ชฐใใ่ฃๅคๅกใซใชใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใปใปใปใจใใใใจใงใใใญใ |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ใฏใใใใ ใใๅฝไผ่ญฐๅกใๅธๆณ้ขไฟ่
ใชใฉไธ้จใฎไบบใฏ่ฃๅคๅกใซใชใใใจใใงใใพใใใ |
: ใคใพใใๆณๅพ็ฅ่ญใฎใชใไธ่ฌใฎๅฝๆฐใ่ฃๅคใซๅๅ ใใใใจใซๆ็พฉใใใใใใงใใ |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ใจใใใพใใจ๏ผ |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ไปใพใงใฎ่ฃๅคใฏใๅคๆฑบใพใงใซ้ๅธธใซ้ทใๆ้ใใใใฃใฆใใพใใใ |
: ใพใใๅ
ๅฎนใไธ่ฌใฎๅฝๆฐใซใฏ็่งฃใใซใใ้จๅใใใใพใใใ |
: ใใใงใ่ฃๅคใซๅฝๆฐใฎไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฆใๅๆ ใใใใใจใงใใใใใใใใในใใผใใฃใผใช่ฃๅคใใใใใใจใใใฎใใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใฎ็ฎ็ใชใใงใใ |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ใชใใปใฉใไธ่ฌๅธๆฐใซใใใใใใๆณๅปทใ็ฎๆใใฆใใใใใงใใญใ |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ไปๆฅใฏใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅนด๏ผๆใซๅงใพใฃใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใซใคใใฆใๆฑ่ฅฟๅคงๅญฆๆณๅญฆ้จใฎไฝ่ณๆๆใซใ่ฉฑใไผบใฃใฆใใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
Chris: Today I'd like to hear from Professor Saga from Tozai University's Law Department on the subject of the citizen judge system that began in May 2009. |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
Chris: It's my pleasure. |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ใงใฏใไฝ่ณๆๆใ็ฐกๅใซใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใใซใคใใฆใ่ชฌๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ |
Chris: So, Professor Saga, could you please explain in simple terms about the citizen judge system? |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ใฏใใใพใใ20ๆญณไปฅไธใฎๅฝๆฐใฎไธญใใ็กไฝ็บใซ่ฃๅคๅกใ้ธใฐใใพใใ |
Chris: Yes. First of all, citizen judges are chosen at random from citizens over the age of twenty. |
: ่ฃๅคๅกใฏใ่ฃๅคๅฎใจไธ็ทใซใๅไบ่ฃๅคใซๅๅ ใใฆใ่ขซๅไบบใๆ็ฝชใ็ก็ฝชใใๆฑบใใพใใ |
Chris: The citizen judges, together with the judge, preside over a criminal trial and decide whether or not the defendant is innocent or guilty. |
: ๆ็ฝชใฎๅ ดๅใฏใใใฎๅใฎๅ
ๅฎนใๆฑบใใใปใปใปใจใใๅถๅบฆใงใใ |
Chris: If the defendant is found guilty, then they decide on the form of punishment. That's the system. |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:็งใใกใฎ่ชฐใใ่ฃๅคๅกใซใชใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใปใปใปใจใใใใจใงใใใญใ |
Chris: So what you're saying is that any one of us could become a citizen judge, isn't it? |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ใฏใใใใ ใใๅฝไผ่ญฐๅกใๅธๆณ้ขไฟ่
ใชใฉไธ้จใฎไบบใฏ่ฃๅคๅกใซใชใใใจใใงใใพใใใ |
Chris: Yes. However, Diet members and those involved with the dispensation of justice and such cannot become citizen judges. |
: ใคใพใใๆณๅพ็ฅ่ญใฎใชใไธ่ฌใฎๅฝๆฐใ่ฃๅคใซๅๅ ใใใใจใซๆ็พฉใใใใใใงใใ |
Chris: Basically, there is significance in the fact that ordinary people with no knowledge of the law are participating in the trials. |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ใจใใใพใใจ๏ผ |
Chris: Which means? |
ไฝ่ณๆๆ:ไปใพใงใฎ่ฃๅคใฏใๅคๆฑบใพใงใซ้ๅธธใซ้ทใๆ้ใใใใฃใฆใใพใใใ |
Chris: In the past, it took an extremely long time for trials to come to the sentencing. |
: ใพใใๅ
ๅฎนใไธ่ฌใฎๅฝๆฐใซใฏ็่งฃใใซใใ้จๅใใใใพใใใ |
Chris: Furthermore, there were also parts that were difficult for the average citizen to understand. |
: ใใใงใ่ฃๅคใซๅฝๆฐใฎไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฆใๅๆ ใใใใใจใงใใใใใใใใในใใผใใฃใผใช่ฃๅคใใใใใใจใใใฎใใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใฎ็ฎ็ใชใใงใใ |
Chris: Accordingly, the objective of the citizen judge system is to encourage easy to understand, speedy trials that reflect the general opinions of the people. |
ใขใใฆใณใตใผ:ใชใใปใฉใไธ่ฌๅธๆฐใซใใใใใใๆณๅปทใ็ฎๆใใฆใใใใใงใใญใ |
Chris: I see. So we're aiming for a courtroom that the average citizen can easily understand. |
POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
Naomi: ใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใ(Citizen Judge System) ใฎใ่ฉฑใงใใใ |
Chris:ใใใฃใฆใๆฐใใๅถๅบฆใชใใงใใใญใ |
Natsuko: ใฏใใๆฅๆฌใงใฏ2009ๅนด5ๆใซๅงใพใใพใใใ |
Naomi: ๆฐใใๅถๅบฆใชใฎใงใใฟใใช่ๅณใๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใญใใ ใใใใใฅใผในใๆฐ่ใง่ฆใใ่ใใใใใใใจใ็ตๆงๅคใใจๆใใพใใ |
Natsuko: ใใใงใใญใใใฎๅถๅบฆใงใฏใๅฝๆฐใฎไธญใใ้ธใฐใใ่ฃๅคๅกใใ่ฃๅคๅฎใจไธ็ทใซ่ฃๅคใใใใใงใใใญใ |
Chris: ใใผใใ่ฃๅคๅฎ(ใใใฐใใใ)ใจ่ฃๅคๅก(ใใใฐใใใ)ใฏใ้้ใใใใใงใใใญใ |
Naomi: ใใ็ขบใใซใใใงใใญใ |
Natsuko: ่ฃๅคๅฎใฏใ่ทๆฅญใจใใฆ่ณๆ ผใๆใฃใฆ่ฃๅคใ่กใไบบใงใ่ฃๅคๅกใฏใๅฝๆฐใฎไธญใใ็กไฝ็บใซ้ธใฐใใไบบใฎใใจใงใใญใ |
Chris: So ...่ฃๅคๅฎ is a โprofessional judgeโ and ่ฃๅคๅก is a โjurorโ, so like itโs from general population. |
Natsuko:ใใใงใใญใใใใพใงใๆฅๆฌใงใฏ่ฃๅคๅฎใ ใใง่ฃๅคใใใฆใใใใงใใใๆฐใใๅถๅบฆใงใฏใ่ฃๅคๅฎใ ใใใใชใใฆใ่ฃๅคๅกใๅ ใใฃใฆ่ฃๅคใใใพใใ |
Naomi: ใใญใฎ่ฃๅคๅฎใจใ้ธใฐใใไธ่ฌใฎๅธๆฐใไธ็ทใซ่ฃๅคใใใใจใใใใจใงใใญใ |
ใใผใใปใปใปใใ ใใ ใ่ฉฑใ้ฃใใใชใฃใฆใใพใใใ(็ฌ๏ผใใชในใใผใฎๆนใ
ๅคงไธๅคซใงใใใญใ |
Chris: ็ตๆงใใใใขใกใชใซใฎ โjury systemโ ใจไผผใฆใพใใใญใ |
Naomi: ใใผใใขใกใชใซใฎ โjury systemโ ใฏใ้ชๅฏฉๅกๅถๅบฆใใจ่จใใใฆใพใใญใ |
Natsuko: ใ้ชๅฏฉๅกๅถๅบฆใใใใใจ้ใ็นใฏใ้ชๅฏฉๅกใฏใๆ็ฝชใ็ก็ฝชใใๆฑบใใใใใฉใๅใฎๅ
ๅฎนใฏๆฑบใใชใใใใใงใใใ |
Naomi: ใป๏ฝใใชใใปใฉใญใ |
Chris: So ่ฃๅคๅก actually decide sentences whereares ้ชๅฏฉๅก, the jurors only decide guilty or not guilty. |
Naomi: ใใใงใใ |
Natsuko: ใใใใ่ฃๅค้ขไฟใฎ้ฃใใๅ่ชใๅบใฆใใพใใใญใผใใชในใใผใฎ็ใใๅคงไธๅคซใ ใฃใใใช๏ผ |
Naomi: ใญใผใใกใใฃใจๅฟ้
ใชใฎใงใใใฃใใๅ่ชใๆด็ใใฆใใใพใใใใ |
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
Chris: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
Naomi: ๆๅใฎๅ่ชใฏใ |
Natsuko: ใ่ขซๅไบบใ |
Chris:โdefendantโ |
Naomi: ใ่ขซๅไบบใใใใใฏใ่ขซๅใใจใใใพใใญใ่ขซๅใฎๅๅฏพใฏใ |
Natsuko: ใๅๅใ |
Chris: โplaintiffโ |
Naomi: ใใฎใปใใซใ่ฃๅคใซใฏใฉใใใไบบใใใพใใใไพใใฐใใใคใขใญใฐใซใฏใใฉใใชๅ่ชใๅบใฆใใฆใพใใใใ |
Natsuko: ใ่ฃๅคๅฎใโjudgeโใจใ่ฃๅคๅกใโcitizen judgeโใๅบใฆใใพใใใ |
Naomi: ใปใใซใฏใ |
Natsuko: ใๆคไบใใจใๅผ่ญทๅฃซใใๅฟ
่ฆใงใใญใ |
Naomi: ใใใงใใใญใ |
Chris: ๆคไบ is โprosecutorโ, ๅผ่ญทๅฃซ is โlawyerโ. |
Naomi: ่ฆใใฆใใใจไพฟๅฉใชๅ่ชใ ใจๆใใพใใใงใฏใๆฌกใฎๅ่ชใใ้กใใใพใใ |
Natsuko: ใๆ็ฝชใ |
Chris: โguiltโ |
Naomi: ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ่ใฏใ |
Natsuko: ใ็ก็ฝชใ |
Chris: โinnocenceโ |
Naomi: ใใใๆผขๅญใ่ฆใใจ็ฐกๅใงใใใญใใๆใใฏ (to exist)ใใ็ฝชใใฏ (sin, guilt) ใจใใๆๅณใงใใใใใๆ็ฝชใใฏ็ฝชใใใใใคใพใ |
Chris: โguiltyโ |
Naomi: ใจใใๆๅณใชใใงใใใ็ก็ฝชใใจใใๆผขๅญใ่ฆใพใใใใใ็กใใฏ (nothing)ใใ็ฝชใใฏ (sin, guilt) ใงใใใใใ็ก็ฝชใใฏ็ฝชใใชใใใคใพใ |
Chris: โnot guiltyโ |
Naomi: ใจใใๆๅณใชใใงใใญใ |
Natsuko: ๆ็ฝชใ็ก็ฝชใใๆฑบใใฆใใใๆ็ฝชใชใใๅใฎๅ
ๅฎนใๆฑบใใพใใใใใใใพใจใใฆใใๅคๆฑบใใจ่จใใพใใ |
Chris: ใฏใใใค - โjudicial decision or verdict.โ |
Natsuko: ใใใใใๅคๆฑบใไธใใใจใใ่จใๆนใใใใพใใ |
Chris: ใฏใใใคใ ใใ ใใ- โpronounce a judgment.โ |
Naomi: ใใใงใใญใไธใ ใๅ่ฉใชใใงใใญใใงใฏใไพๆใงใใ |
ใ่ฃๅคๅฎใจ่ฃๅคๅกใฏใ่ขซๅใฏ็ก็ฝชใ ใใจใใๅคๆฑบใไธใใใใ |
Chirs: โThe judge and the citizen judges hand down the verdict of not guilty.โ |
Naomi: ใงใฏใๆฌกใฎๅ่ชใใ้กใใใพใใ |
Natsuko: ใๆณๅปทใ |
Chris: โcourtroomโ |
Naomi: ใๆณๅปทใใฏใ่ฃๅคใ่กใใใ้จๅฑ ใจใใๆๅณใงใใ |
ใงใใใใใ ใใใใชใใฆใใ่ฃๅคใใจใใๆๅณใซใใชใใพใใไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใงใฏใใฉใฎใใใซไฝฟใใใฆใใพใใใใ |
Natsuko: ใไธ่ฌๅธๆฐใซใใใใใใๆณๅปทใ็ฎๆใใฆใใใใ |
Chris: โAiming for a courtroom that the average citizen can easily understand.โ |
Naomi: ใใฎๅ ดๅใฏใๆณๅปทใฏ่ฃๅคใใใ้จๅฑใงใฏใชใใฆใ่ฃๅคใฎๅ
ๅฎนใ่กจใใฆใใใใงใใญใ ใจใใใงใใฏใชในใใใใขใกใชใซใงใฏใ่ฃๅคๅฎใฏใใคใใใใถใใใงใใใ |
Chris: ใใใใใคใใฏใใถใใชใใงใใใญใใฏใใใขใกใชใซใงใฏใ |
Natsuko: ใใใงใใใญใใใใใคใฎใชในใงใใใฃใ๏ผๅ็ใง่ฆใพใใใญใ |
Naomi: ใใใงใใใญใใคใฎใชในใจใใใใจใชใผในใใฉใชใขใจใใใ |
Natsuko: ใใใใใชใใงใใใ |
Chris: ใใใชใผในใใฉใชใขใงใใใถใใพใใใ |
Naomi: ใใผใใใใชๆฐใใใพใใใชในใใผใฎ็ใใใฎๅฝใฎ่ฃๅคๅฎใฏใใใคใใใใถใใพใใใNatsuko: ๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
Lesson focus
|
Naomi: ใงใฏใไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใงใฏใใใใ ใใใจใใๆฅ็ถ่ฉใๅบใฆใใใฎใงใใใฎไฝฟใๆนใ่ฆใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
Chris: The focus of this lesson is the usage of Conjunction, tadashi. |
Naomi: ใใคใขใญใฐใงใฏใใฉใฎใใใซไฝฟใใใฆใใพใใใใ |
Natsuko: ใใใ ใใๅฝไผ่ญฐๅกใๅธๆณ้ขไฟ่
ใชใฉไธ้จใฎไบบใฏ่ฃๅคๅกใซใชใใใจใใงใใพใใใใ |
Chris: โHowever, Diet members and those involved with the dispensation of justice and such cannot become citizen judges.โ |
Naomi: ใชใคใใใใใใใ็ฟป่จณใฎ่ฉฑใซใชใใพใใใฉใใใฎใใ ใ ใใใ่ฑ่ชใซ่จณใใจใ"however" ใงใใใญใ |
Natsuko: ใใใงใใญใ |
Naomi: ใงใใใใใใใ โhoweverโ ใชใฎใซใใใใงใใใใใใๅฝไผ่ญฐๅกใๅธๆณ้ขไฟ่
ใชใฉใปใปใปใจใใใตใใซใใใจใใกใใฃใจๆฅๆฌ่ช็ใซใฏไธ่ช็ถใงใใใญใ |
Natsuko: ใใใงใใญใใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใใใชใใใงใใใฉใญใใใใ ใใใจใใใฎใฏใๅฅ็ดๆธใจใๆฑบใพใใใจใๆธใใๆใซใใไฝฟใใใใใงใใใญใ |
ไพใใฐใใ10ๆใใ12ๆใพใงใใชใณใฏ็กๆใใใ ใใใขใซใณใผใซ้ฃฒๆใฏ้คใใใ |
Chris: "From 10 to 12, drinks are free of charge. However, this excludes alcoholic beverages." |
Natsuko: ใใฃใจใ็ฐกๅใซ่จใใใใใฐใใ10ๆใใ12ๆใพใงใใชใณใฏ็กๆใ ใใฉใใขใซใณใผใซ้ฃฒๆใฏไพๅคใ ใใจ่จใใฐใใใใงใใใใใกใใจใใๆ็ซ ใงใฏใใใใ ใใใไฝฟใใใใใงใใ |
Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใ |
Natsuko: [sentence A] ใใ ใ [sentence B]ใจใใๅฝขใงไฝฟใใใพใใ[Sentence A] ใง่จใฃใๅ
ๅฎนใซใไพๅคใๆกไปถใชใฉใ่ฟฝๅ ใใใจใใซใใใใ ใใใไฝฟใใใ ใจๆใใพใใใ |
Chris: So ใใ ใ is a conjunction which is used in a sentence structure like "[sentence A] ใใ ใ [sentence B]." When you want to add a condition, restriction or exception to the preceding sentence A, you can start the next sentence B with ใใ ใ. |
Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใใใฉใผใใซใชๆๆธใชใฉใงใไพๅค (exception) ใๆกไปถ (condition) ใใใใจใใๅ ใใใจใใซใใใ ใใใไฝฟใใใจใใใตใใซ่ฆใใใฐใใใใงใใญใ |
Naomi: ใใใใชใคใใใใใใไธใคไพๆใใ้กใใใพใใ |
Natsuko:ใฏใใใๅคๅๆ้ใฏ10ๆใใ19ๆใจใใใใใ ใใ12ๆใใ13ๆใฏไผๆฉๆ้ใจใใใใ |
Chris: "Working hours are from 10 to 7. However, from 12 to 1 we will have a break.โ |
Naomi: ใใใฏใๅฅ็ดๆธ (contract) ใชใฉใงใใ่ฆใฟใพใใญใใใใ ใใใซ็ถใใฆใไผๆฉๆ้ใซใคใใฆใฎ โconditionโ ใ่ฟฝๅ ใใฆใใใใใงใใ |
Natsuko: ไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใฏใๅ่ชใใใชใ้ฃใใใฃใใจๆใใพใใฎใงใๆฏ้ใใฌใในใณใใผใใใใงใใฏใใฆใใใฆใใ ใใใ |
Naomi: ใงใใใใฎใฌใในใณใฎๅ่ชใ่ฆใใใฐใๆณๅปทใฎใใฉใใจใ่ฃๅคใฎใใฅใผในใใใใใใใใซใชใใปใปใปใใใใใชใใงใใใญใ |
Natsuko: ใใใใใใงใใญใ |
Chris: ๅใไป้ฑๆซใใใฉใใฎDVDใใฌใณใฟใซใใฆใฟใพใใ |
Natsuko: ใฏใใๆฏ้ใใใใฆใใ ใใใ็ใใใฎๅฝใฎ่ฃๅคๅถๅบฆใฏใฉใใชๅถๅบฆใงใใใๆฏ้ๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
Outro
|
Natsuko: ใใใงใฏไปๆฅใฏใใใฎ่พบใงใ |
Naomi: ใใใใพใใ |
Chris: See you next time. |
Comments
Hide็ใใใใใใซใกใฏ๏ผ ใใชใใฎๅฝใงใฏใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใจใใใฎใฏใใใพใใ๏ผใใฏใใใจ็ญใใไบบใฏใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใซๅๅ ใใใใจใใใใพใใ๏ผใฉใใงใใใ๏ผ
Bun-chanใใ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๐
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
้ข็ฝใ่ฉฑใ ใญใ่ฃๅคๅกใซใชใใจใ้ใ็จผใใใใ๏ผ
Thomas DUTERTREใใใใใใซใกใฏใ
ใณใกใณใใฉใใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๏ผ
ใใฉใณในใซใๅใใใใชๅถๅบฆใใใใใงใใญใ
ๆใใฆใใใฆใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๐
็งใใๆฎๆฎตใฏ่ฃๅคใซๅๅ ใใใใฃใณในใฏใใใพใใใใ
ใใ่ฃๅคๅกใซ้ธใฐใใใใจใใใฃใใๆๆฆใใฆใฟใใใจๆใใพใใ
ใพใใใฒใณใกใณใใใฆใใ ใใใญใ
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
ใใใซใกใฏใใใฉใณในใใๆฅใพใใใใใจ็ณใใพใใ
ใพใใฏใใใฎๆๆฅญใๆใใฆใใใฃใฆๆ่ฌใใพใใๆงใ ใชใฌใในใณใฎใใใใง็่งฃๅใชใฉใใฉใใฉใๅขใใไธๆนใงใใ
ใใฉใณในใซใใใใไผ่ฉฑใซ่ฟฐในใๅถๅบฆใใใใพใใ่ฉณใใใใใใพใใใใๅๆๆฅญใซ็ฟใฃใๆ ๅ ฑใซใใใจใ18ๆญณไปฅไธใฎๅฝๆฐใใ็กไฝ็บใซ่ฃๅคๅกใ้ธใฐใใฆๅฐๆนใซใใฃใฆ๏ผ้ฑ้ใใ๏ผ้ฑ้ใพใงใใฎ็พฉๅใๆใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใใใกใใใๆนๆณ้ขไฟไบบใจใๆฟๆฒปๅฎถใชใฉใ้ธใฐใใพใใใ
่ฃๅคๅกใจใใฆ่ฃๅคใซๅๅ ใงใใใใฃใณในใใใใพใใใใใใใใ่ตทใใใชใๆงใใพใใใ
Mikhail ใใ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๏ผ
ๅฎน็่ ๏ผ็ฏ็ฝชใฎ็ใใใใไบบ
่ขซๅไบบ๏ผ็ฏ็ฝชใฎ็ใใๅๅใใใจใใฆใ่ฃๅคๆใซ่จดใใใใไบบ
ๅ๏ผ็ฝชใ็ฏใใไบบใซไธใใใใๆณๅพไธใฎ็ฝฐ
็ฝฐ๏ผๆชใใใจใใใไบบใซไธใใใใๅฆๅ๏ผไพ๏ผๅญฆๆ กใงใฑใณใซใใใ็ๅพใซใ็ฝฐใจใใฆๆ้คใใใใ๏ผ
Thank you for studying with us!
Sincerely,
Erica
Team JapanesePod101.com
ๆๅใ
ๅคงๅคใไธ่ฉฑใซใชใใพใใฆใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ
่ขซๅไบบใจๅฎน็่ ใใพใใฏใๅใจ็ฝฐใฎไฝฟใๆนใซ้ใใใใใใฉใใ่ชฌๆใใฆ้ ใใพใใใ?
Mรกrcio Rodrigoใใ
่ณชๅใใใใจใใใใใพใใ
Yes, your understanding is right๐
but no, if you put ใซ, the meaning will change. You need ใง as "by."
And no, you can't reorganize the sentence like your example because you're changing the meaning of it.
Basically, the sentence is ใAใใใใใจใงใBใจใใใฎใ็ฎ็ใงใใใ(By doing A, to do B is ็ฎ็).
In your sentence, you switched the A and the B, so the meaning changed totally.
Please let us know if you have a further question :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
That's a complement of the order question I just asked.
ใใใงใ่ฃๅคใซๅฝๆฐใฎไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฆใๅๆ ใใใใใจใงใใใใใใใใในใใผใใฃใผใช่ฃๅคใใใใใใจใใใฎใใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใฎ็ฎ็ใชใใงใใ
If we reorganize the sentence, just like I did below, doesn't it make more sense?
ใใใงใใใใใใใใในใใผใใฃใผใช่ฃๅคใใใใใใจใใใใจใงใ่ฃๅคใซๅฝๆฐใฎไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฆใๅๆ ใใใใจใใใฎใใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใฎ็ฎ็ใชใใงใใ
Sorry for the weird questions.
ใใใใจใใใใใพใ๏ผ
ใใใงใ่ฃๅคใซๅฝๆฐใฎไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฆใๅๆ ใใใใใจใงใใใใใใใใในใใผใใฃใผใช่ฃๅคใใใใใใจใใใฎใใ่ฃๅคๅกๅถๅบฆใฎ็ฎ็ใชใใงใใ
Could you please clarify if I got it correctly?
่ฃๅคใซๅฝๆฐใฎไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฆใๅๆ ใใใใใจ is an adverbial clause that modifies ใใใใ, right? I mean, "่ฃๅคใซๅฝๆฐใฎไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฆใๅๆ ใใใใใจ" indicates the way the verb ใใใใ will be done, right? But if we changed ใใจใง for ใใจใซ
wouldn't the meaning be the same?
I don't think I understood it completely.
ๆไผใฃใฆใใใใพใใ๏ผ
ใใใใจใใใใใพใ๏ผ
ใฟใ-san
ใใฎใฌใในใณใฏใๅ่ชใ้ฃใใใงใใใญ๏ฝใ:cool:
ใซใใใงใฏใ่ฃๅคๅฎใใคใ ใซใซใฟใใใชใใฎใใคใใใใงใใ๏ผ้ข็ฝใใงใใญใ:grin:
ใฆใขใขใขใข๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใใใถใ้ฃใใใฌใในใณใงใใญใ:shock: ไธๆๆธๅฝๅๅผทใใชใใจใใใใ:twisted:
ใซใใใง่ฃๅคๅฎใใใคใใ็ใใพใใใใใ ใใคใฎใชในใฎใใใช้ทใใใคใใ็ใใชใใฆใ็ตๆงๅฐใใ๏ผใคใ ใซใใฟใใใชใใค๏ผใไฝฟใใพใใ
Zunnyใใ,
Thank you for taking the time to comment, and for your kind words - we really appreciate it! :mrgreen: We hope you continue to enjoy the site!
Hi. I listen all the time. However, this is the first time I commented. ... I guess this is a really off the wall and an obvious thing but, when I upgraded to premium, and I found out that my comprehension skills are sharpening greatly!! Wow. Thanks for the many lesson activities on this site!!
Hi Brendan,
I posted a question in regards fo the same problem. They still haven't fixed it (several months later), but this episode is incorrectly labeled season 3 of Upper Intermediate. It is actually in season 4, which you can find here:
https://www.japanesepod101.com/category/upper-intermediate-s4/
Hope this helps!
-Jacob
Hello,
I'm playing catch-up with these lessons and I see that this one was posted on 2/9/2010. Where do I find subsequent lessons? I went to the advanced tab but it looks like the most recent one was posted in 2009.
TIA,
Brendan
2010.7.22 - This is fascinating. Never knew that this existed. Congrats to trainers at JapanesePod101.com for sharing more of the newest levels of Japanese culture! Arigatou gozaimashita!!
Hello
Why the free transcripts have gone? I hve an ipod touch and it was really practical, it's a shame.
Do you intend to put them back?
Thanks
Jacobใใ,
Thank you! I had noticed this problem before - I will look into it again.
So I was looking through the website at Upper Intermediate S4 and saw that #3 was missing...:???: and then I found it categorized in Upper Intermediate S3.:smile:
Should this be changed?
ai-shan shan
ใ้ญๅฅณใฎ่ฃๅคใใงใใใ็งใไธๅใ ใ่ฆใพใใใ้ข็ฝใใฃใใงใใ๏ผ:grin: