Dialogue

Vocabulary (Review)

Learn New Words FAST with this Lessonโ€™s Vocab Review List

Get this lessonโ€™s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Lesson Notes

Unlock In-Depth Explanations & Exclusive Takeaways with Printable Lesson Notes

Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Natsuko: ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใชใคใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Naomi: ใชใŠใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
Chris: Chris here. Japan Truly Has The People's Court.
Naomi:ใ€Œๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎๆณ•ๅปทใ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹ใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ไปŠๅ›žใฏ โ€Citizen Judge Systemโ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใฎใŠ่ฉฑใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Naomi: ไปŠๅ›žใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€่ฃๅˆคใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: In this lesson, we will learn about Japanโ€™s Citizen Judge system, and study vocabulary relevant to this topic.
Naomi: ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใงใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใŒใ€ๅคงๅญฆใฎๆณ•ๅญฆ้ƒจๆ•™ๆŽˆใ‹ใ‚‰่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚็œŸ้ข็›ฎใชใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไบŒไบบใจใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใชๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: This conversation takes place between an announcer and a professor of law. The conversation takes place on a television show. You will hear formal conversation about the law.
Natsuko: ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
DIALOGUE
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ™ๅนด๏ผ•ๆœˆใซๅง‹ใพใฃใŸ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ๆฑ่ฅฟๅคงๅญฆๆณ•ๅญฆ้ƒจใฎไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆใซใŠ่ฉฑใ‚’ไผบใฃใฆใ„ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ใงใฏใ€ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ€Œ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใพใšใ€20ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰็„กไฝœ็‚บใซ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใŒ้ธใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
: ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ๅˆ‘ไบ‹่ฃๅˆคใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€่ขซๅ‘ŠไบบใŒๆœ‰็ฝชใ‹็„ก็ฝชใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
: ๆœ‰็ฝชใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎๅˆ‘ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒปใƒปใƒปใจใ„ใ†ๅˆถๅบฆใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:็งใŸใกใฎ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒปใƒปใƒปใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐๅ“กใ‚„ๅธๆณ•้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใชใฉไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใฏ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
: ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใฎใชใ„ไธ€่ˆฌใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใŒ่ฃๅˆคใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ„็พฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใจ๏ผŸ
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ไปŠใพใงใฎ่ฃๅˆคใฏใ€ๅˆคๆฑบใพใงใซ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
: ใพใŸใ€ๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใซใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใซใใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
: ใใ“ใงใ€่ฃๅˆคใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใช่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆณ•ๅปทใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ™ๅนด๏ผ•ๆœˆใซๅง‹ใพใฃใŸ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ๆฑ่ฅฟๅคงๅญฆๆณ•ๅญฆ้ƒจใฎไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆใซใŠ่ฉฑใ‚’ไผบใฃใฆใ„ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: Today I'd like to hear from Professor Saga from Tozai University's Law Department on the subject of the citizen judge system that began in May 2009.
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: It's my pleasure.
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ใงใฏใ€ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ€Œ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Chris: So, Professor Saga, could you please explain in simple terms about the citizen judge system?
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใพใšใ€20ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰็„กไฝœ็‚บใซ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใŒ้ธใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: Yes. First of all, citizen judges are chosen at random from citizens over the age of twenty.
: ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ๅˆ‘ไบ‹่ฃๅˆคใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€่ขซๅ‘ŠไบบใŒๆœ‰็ฝชใ‹็„ก็ฝชใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: The citizen judges, together with the judge, preside over a criminal trial and decide whether or not the defendant is innocent or guilty.
: ๆœ‰็ฝชใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎๅˆ‘ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒปใƒปใƒปใจใ„ใ†ๅˆถๅบฆใงใ™ใ€‚
Chris: If the defendant is found guilty, then they decide on the form of punishment. That's the system.
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:็งใŸใกใฎ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒปใƒปใƒปใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Chris: So what you're saying is that any one of us could become a citizen judge, isn't it?
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐๅ“กใ‚„ๅธๆณ•้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใชใฉไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใฏ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
Chris: Yes. However, Diet members and those involved with the dispensation of justice and such cannot become citizen judges.
: ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใฎใชใ„ไธ€่ˆฌใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใŒ่ฃๅˆคใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ„็พฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
Chris: Basically, there is significance in the fact that ordinary people with no knowledge of the law are participating in the trials.
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใจ๏ผŸ
Chris: Which means?
ไฝ่ณ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ:ไปŠใพใงใฎ่ฃๅˆคใฏใ€ๅˆคๆฑบใพใงใซ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Chris: In the past, it took an extremely long time for trials to come to the sentencing.
: ใพใŸใ€ๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใซใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใซใใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Chris: Furthermore, there were also parts that were difficult for the average citizen to understand.
: ใใ“ใงใ€่ฃๅˆคใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใช่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Chris: Accordingly, the objective of the citizen judge system is to encourage easy to understand, speedy trials that reflect the general opinions of the people.
ใ‚ขใƒŠใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ตใƒผ:ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆณ•ๅปทใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Chris: I see. So we're aiming for a courtroom that the average citizen can easily understand.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Naomi: ใ€Œ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใ€(Citizen Judge System) ใฎใŠ่ฉฑใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
Chris:ใ“ใ‚Œใฃใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅˆถๅบฆใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ใฏใ„ใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌใงใฏ2009ๅนด5ๆœˆใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Naomi: ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅˆถๅบฆใชใฎใงใ€ใฟใ‚“ใช่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚„ๆ–ฐ่žใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Š่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ตๆง‹ๅคšใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅˆถๅบฆใงใฏใ€ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚ŒใŸ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใŒใ€่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Chris: ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜(ใ•ใ„ใฐใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“)ใจ่ฃๅˆคๅ“ก(ใ•ใ„ใฐใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“)ใฏใ€€้–“้•ใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใ‚ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใฏใ€่ทๆฅญใจใ—ใฆ่ณ‡ๆ ผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฃๅˆคใ‚’่กŒใ†ไบบใงใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใฏใ€ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰็„กไฝœ็‚บใซ้ธใฐใ‚ŒใŸไบบใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Chris: So ...่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ is a โ€œprofessional judgeโ€ and ่ฃๅˆคๅ“ก is a โ€œjurorโ€, so like itโ€™s from general population.
Natsuko:ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใใ‚Œใพใงใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใงใฏ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใ ใ‘ใง่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅˆถๅบฆใงใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใ ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใ‚‚ๅŠ ใ‚ใฃใฆ่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Naomi: ใƒ—ใƒญใฎ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใจใ€้ธใฐใ‚ŒใŸไธ€่ˆฌใฎๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€‚ใ ใ‚“ใ ใ‚“่ฉฑใŒ้›ฃใ—ใใชใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒ(็ฌ‘๏ผ‰ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใฎๆ–นใ€…ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹ใญใ€‚
Chris: ็ตๆง‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ โ€œjury systemโ€ ใจไผผใฆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ โ€jury systemโ€ ใฏใ€Œ้™ชๅฏฉๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใพใ™ใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ€Œ้™ชๅฏฉๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใ€ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใจ้•ใ†็‚นใฏใ€้™ชๅฏฉๅ“กใฏใ€ๆœ‰็ฝชใ‹็„ก็ฝชใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‘ใ‚Œใฉใ€ๅˆ‘ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใฏๆฑบใ‚ใชใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
Naomi: ใป๏ฝžใ€‚ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใญใ€‚
Chris: So ่ฃๅˆคๅ“ก actually decide sentences whereares ้™ชๅฏฉๅ“ก, the jurors only decide guilty or not guilty.
Naomi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚่ฃๅˆค้–ขไฟ‚ใฎ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅ‡บใฆใใพใ—ใŸใญใƒผใ€‚ใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใช๏ผŸ
Naomi: ใญใƒผใ€‚ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅฟƒ้…ใชใฎใงใ€ใ•ใฃใใๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ•ด็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE
Chris: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson.
Naomi: ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
Natsuko: ใ€Œ่ขซๅ‘Šไบบใ€
Chris:โ€defendantโ€
Naomi: ใ€Œ่ขซๅ‘Šไบบใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€Œ่ขซๅ‘Šใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚่ขซๅ‘Šใฎๅๅฏพใฏใ€
Natsuko: ใ€ŒๅŽŸๅ‘Šใ€
Chris: โ€œplaintiffโ€
Naomi: ใ“ใฎใปใ‹ใซใ€่ฃๅˆคใซใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฐใซใฏใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅ˜่ชžใŒๅ‡บใฆใใฆใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ€Œ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใ€โ€judgeโ€ใจใ€Œ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใ€โ€citizen judgeโ€ใŒๅ‡บใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Naomi: ใปใ‹ใซใฏใ€
Natsuko: ใ€Œๆคœไบ‹ใ€ใจใ€Œๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ€ใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Chris: ๆคœไบ‹ is โ€œprosecutorโ€, ๅผ่ญทๅฃซ is โ€œlawyerโ€.
Naomi: ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใจไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ˜่ชžใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ€Œๆœ‰็ฝชใ€
Chris: โ€œguiltโ€
Naomi: ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€
Natsuko: ใ€Œ็„ก็ฝชใ€
Chris: โ€œinnocenceโ€
Naomi: ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ๆผขๅญ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใ€Œๆœ‰ใ€ใฏ (to exist)ใ€ใ€Œ็ฝชใ€ใฏ (sin, guilt) ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๆœ‰็ฝชใ€ใฏ็ฝชใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
Chris: โ€œguiltyโ€
Naomi: ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็„ก็ฝชใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆผขๅญ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œ็„กใ€ใฏ (nothing)ใ€ใ€Œ็ฝชใ€ใฏ (sin, guilt) ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็„ก็ฝชใ€ใฏ็ฝชใŒใชใ„ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
Chris: โ€œnot guiltyโ€
Naomi: ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ๆœ‰็ฝชใ‹็„ก็ฝชใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๆœ‰็ฝชใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆ‘ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ใพใจใ‚ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅˆคๆฑบใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: ใฏใ‚“ใ‘ใค - โ€œjudicial decision or verdict.โ€
Natsuko: ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œๅˆคๆฑบใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
Chris: ใฏใ‚“ใ‘ใคใ‚’ ใใ ใ™ใ€€- โ€œpronounce a judgment.โ€
Naomi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ไธ‹ใ™ ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใจ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใฏใ€่ขซๅ‘Šใฏ็„ก็ฝชใ ใ€€ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆคๆฑบใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
Chirs: โ€œThe judge and the citizen judges hand down the verdict of not guilty.โ€
Naomi: ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ€Œๆณ•ๅปทใ€
Chris: โ€œcourtroomโ€
Naomi: ใ€Œๆณ•ๅปทใ€ใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹้ƒจๅฑ‹ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ฃๅˆคใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฐใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ€Œไธ€่ˆฌๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆณ•ๅปทใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
Chris: โ€œAiming for a courtroom that the average citizen can easily understand.โ€
Naomi: ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆณ•ๅปทใฏ่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹้ƒจๅฑ‹ใงใฏใชใใฆใ€่ฃๅˆคใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใฏใ‹ใคใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‹ใถใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Chris: ใ‚‚ใ†ใ€ใ‹ใคใ‚‰ใฏใ‹ใถใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏใ€‚
Natsuko: ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใ—ใŸใฃใ‘๏ผŸๅ†™็œŸใง่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใจใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใจใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Chris: ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใถใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Naomi: ใ‚“ใƒผใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ›ฝใฎ่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใฏใ€ใ‹ใคใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‹ใถใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚Natsuko: ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Lesson focus

Naomi: ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฐใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใŒๅ‡บใฆใใŸใฎใงใ€ใใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
Chris: The focus of this lesson is the usage of Conjunction, tadashi.
Naomi: ใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฐใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ€ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐๅ“กใ‚„ๅธๆณ•้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใชใฉไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใฏ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
Chris: โ€œHowever, Diet members and those involved with the dispensation of justice and such cannot become citizen judges.โ€
Naomi: ใชใคใ“ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€็ฟป่จณใฎ่ฉฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œใ ใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่จณใ™ใจใ€"however" ใงใ™ใ‹ใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ โ€œhoweverโ€ ใชใฎใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ›ฝไผš่ญฐๅ“กใ‚„ๅธๆณ•้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใชใฉใƒปใƒปใƒปใจใ„ใ†ใตใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็š„ใซใฏไธ่‡ช็„ถใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ‡ใ€‚้–“้•ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅฅ‘็ด„ๆ›ธใจใ‹ๆฑบใพใ‚Šใ”ใจใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ–‡ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ10ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰12ๆ™‚ใพใงใƒ‰ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ็„กๆ–™ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ้ฃฒๆ–™ใฏ้™คใใ€‚ใ€
Chris: "From 10 to 12, drinks are free of charge. However, this excludes alcoholic beverages."
Natsuko: ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€Œ10ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰12ๆ™‚ใพใงใƒ‰ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ็„กๆ–™ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ้ฃฒๆ–™ใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใกใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏใ€€ใ€ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Naomi: ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚
Natsuko: [sentence A] ใŸใ ใ— [sentence B]ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚[Sentence A] ใง่จ€ใฃใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใซใ€ไพ‹ๅค–ใ‚„ๆกไปถใชใฉใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ€ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚“ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
Chris: So ใŸใ ใ— is a conjunction which is used in a sentence structure like "[sentence A] ใŸใ ใ— [sentence B]." When you want to add a condition, restriction or exception to the preceding sentence A, you can start the next sentence B with ใŸใ ใ—.
Naomi: ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๆ–‡ๆ›ธใชใฉใงใ€ไพ‹ๅค– (exception) ใ‚„ๆกไปถ (condition) ใ‚’ใ€ใ‚ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใตใ†ใซ่ฆšใˆใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใชใคใ“ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko:ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œๅ‹คๅ‹™ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ10ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰19ๆ™‚ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€12ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰13ๆ™‚ใฏไผ‘ๆ†ฉๆ™‚้–“ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
Chris: "Working hours are from 10 to 7. However, from 12 to 1 we will have a break.โ€
Naomi: ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฅ‘็ด„ๆ›ธ (contract) ใชใฉใงใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใฟใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใซ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ โ€œconditionโ€ ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko: ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฐใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Š้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ๆ˜ฏ้žใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Naomi: ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆณ•ๅปทใฎใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใจใ‹่ฃๅˆคใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Natsuko: ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Chris: ๅƒ•ใ‚‚ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใฎDVDใ‚’ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
Natsuko: ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ˜ฏ้žใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ›ฝใฎ่ฃๅˆคๅˆถๅบฆใฏใฉใ‚“ใชๅˆถๅบฆใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๆ˜ฏ้žๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Outro

Natsuko: ใใ‚ŒใงใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่พบใงใ€‚
Naomi: ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใพใŸใ€‚
Chris: See you next time.

Grammar

Japanese Grammar Made Easy - Unlock This Lessonโ€™s Grammar Guide

Easily master this lessonโ€™s grammar points with in-depth explanations and examples. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Kanji

Review & Remember All Kanji from this Lesson

Get complete breakdowns, review with quizzes and download printable practice sheets! Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Comments

Hide
30 Comments
Please to leave a comment.
JapanesePod101.com
2010-02-09 18:30:00

็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใŸไบบใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ

JapanesePod101.com
2021-08-18 16:56:05

Bun-chanใ•ใ‚“

ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๐Ÿ˜„

Please let us know if you have any questions :)

Sincerely

Ryoma

Team JapanesePod101.com

Bun-chan
2021-08-05 12:48:48

้ข็™ฝใ„่ฉฑใ ใญใ€‚่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใซใชใ‚‹ใจใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใŽใ‚‹ใ‹ใ„๏ผŸ

JapanesePod101.com
2020-06-25 13:57:21

Thomas DUTERTREใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚

ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ

ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใซใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅˆถๅบฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๐Ÿ˜Š

็งใ‚‚ใ€ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏ่ฃๅˆคใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€

ใ‚‚ใ—่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใซ้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใพใŸใœใฒใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚

Sincerely,

Miho

Team JapanesePod101.com

Thomas DUTERTRE
2020-05-13 06:48:21

ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใพใ—ใŸใƒˆใƒžใจ็”ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใพใšใฏใ€ใใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆง˜ใ€…ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใง็†่งฃๅŠ›ใชใฉใŒใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚

ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใซใใ†ใ„ใ†ไผš่ฉฑใซ่ฟฐในใŸๅˆถๅบฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่ฉณใ—ใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅ‰ๆŽˆๆฅญใซ็ฟ’ใฃใŸๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€18ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใ‹ใ‚‰็„กไฝœ็‚บใซ่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใŒ้ธใฐใ‚Œใฆๅœฐๆ–นใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ๏ผ“้€ฑ้–“ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผ–้€ฑ้–“ใพใงใใฎ็พฉๅ‹™ใ‚’ๆžœใŸใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆ–นๆณ•้–ขไฟ‚ไบบใจใ‹ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใชใฉใŒ้ธใฐใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

่ฃๅˆคๅ“กใจใ—ใฆ่ฃๅˆคใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

JapanesePod101.com
2020-04-16 08:26:32

Mikhail ใ•ใ‚“

ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ

ๅฎน็–‘่€…๏ผ็Šฏ็ฝชใฎ็–‘ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบ

่ขซๅ‘Šไบบ๏ผ็Šฏ็ฝชใฎ็–‘ใ„ใŒๅๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€่ฃๅˆคๆ‰€ใซ่จดใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸไบบ

ๅˆ‘๏ผ็ฝชใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸไบบใซไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆณ•ๅพ‹ไธŠใฎ็ฝฐ

็ฝฐ๏ผๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸไบบใซไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆๅˆ†๏ผˆไพ‹๏ผšๅญฆๆ กใงใ‚ฑใƒณใ‚ซใ‚’ใ—ใŸ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซใ€็ฝฐใจใ—ใฆๆŽƒ้™คใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹๏ผ‰

Thank you for studying with us!

Sincerely,

Erica

Team JapanesePod101.com

Mikhail
2020-04-05 01:08:38

ๆ‹ๅ•“ใ€

ๅคงๅค‰ใŠไธ–่ฉฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

่ขซๅ‘Šไบบใจๅฎน็–‘่€…ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅˆ‘ใจ็ฝฐใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆ้ ‚ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?

JapanesePod101.com
2019-11-21 07:43:09

Mรกrcio Rodrigoใ•ใ‚“

่ณชๅ•ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

Yes, your understanding is right๐Ÿ‘

but no, if you put ใซ, the meaning will change. You need ใง as "by."

And no, you can't reorganize the sentence like your example because you're changing the meaning of it.

Basically, the sentence is ใ€ŒAใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€Bใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€(By doing A, to do B is ็›ฎ็š„).

In your sentence, you switched the A and the B, so the meaning changed totally.

Please let us know if you have a further question :)

Sincerely

Ryoma

Team JapanesePod101.com

Mรกrcio Rodrigo
2019-11-05 08:59:40

That's a complement of the order question I just asked.

ใใ“ใงใ€่ฃๅˆคใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใช่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚

If we reorganize the sentence, just like I did below, doesn't it make more sense?

ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใช่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€่ฃๅˆคใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚

Sorry for the weird questions.

ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ

Mรกrcio Rodrigo
2019-11-05 08:52:13

ใใ“ใงใ€่ฃๅˆคใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใช่ฃๅˆคใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒใ€่ฃๅˆคๅ“กๅˆถๅบฆใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚

Could you please clarify if I got it correctly?

่ฃๅˆคใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ is an adverbial clause that modifies ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹, right? I mean, "่ฃๅˆคใซๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ" indicates the way the verb ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹ will be done, right? But if we changed ใ“ใจใง for ใ“ใจใซ

wouldn't the meaning be the same?

I don't think I understood it completely.

ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ

Naomi
2010-09-06 10:24:51

ใ‚ฟใƒ-san

ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ฝžใ€‚:cool:

ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใฏใ€่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใŒใƒคใƒ ใƒซใ‚ซใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚:grin:

ใ‚ฟใƒ
2010-09-04 06:20:42

ใ‚ฆใ‚ขใ‚ขใ‚ขใ‚ข๏ฝž๏ฝž๏ฝžใšใ„ใถใ‚“้›ฃใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใญใ€‚:shock: ไธ€ๆ‰€ๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€‚ใ€‚ใ€‚ใ€‚:twisted:

ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใง่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใŒใ‹ใคใ‚‰ใ‚’็€ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใ ใ—ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้•ทใ„ใ‹ใคใ‚‰ใ‚’็€ใ‘ใชใใฆใ€็ตๆง‹ๅฐใ•ใ„๏ผˆใƒคใƒ ใƒซใ‹ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚„ใค๏ผ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

Jessi
2010-08-16 12:09:30

Zunnyใ•ใ‚“,

Thank you for taking the time to comment, and for your kind words - we really appreciate it! :mrgreen: We hope you continue to enjoy the site!

Zunny
2010-08-16 11:44:58

Hi. I listen all the time. However, this is the first time I commented. ... I guess this is a really off the wall and an obvious thing but, when I upgraded to premium, and I found out that my comprehension skills are sharpening greatly!! Wow. Thanks for the many lesson activities on this site!!

Jacob
2010-07-24 10:06:34

Hi Brendan,

I posted a question in regards fo the same problem. They still haven't fixed it (several months later), but this episode is incorrectly labeled season 3 of Upper Intermediate. It is actually in season 4, which you can find here:

https://www.japanesepod101.com/category/upper-intermediate-s4/

Hope this helps!

-Jacob

Brendan
2010-07-23 16:51:46

Hello,

I'm playing catch-up with these lessons and I see that this one was posted on 2/9/2010. Where do I find subsequent lessons? I went to the advanced tab but it looks like the most recent one was posted in 2009.

TIA,

Brendan

Dave Boyer aka ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ”ใƒผใ€
2010-07-23 11:43:50

2010.7.22 - This is fascinating. Never knew that this existed. Congrats to trainers at JapanesePod101.com for sharing more of the newest levels of Japanese culture! Arigatou gozaimashita!!

Suzanne
2010-04-01 17:07:09

Hello

Why the free transcripts have gone? I hve an ipod touch and it was really practical, it's a shame.

Do you intend to put them back?

Thanks

Jessi
2010-03-19 09:43:11

Jacobใ•ใ‚“,

Thank you! I had noticed this problem before - I will look into it again.

Jacob
2010-03-19 01:22:53

So I was looking through the website at Upper Intermediate S4 and saw that #3 was missing...:???: and then I found it categorized in Upper Intermediate S3.:smile:

Should this be changed?

Naomi
2010-03-04 10:00:17

ai-shan shan

ใ€Œ้ญ”ๅฅณใฎ่ฃๅˆคใ€ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚็งใ‚‚ไธ€ๅ›žใ ใ‘่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้ข็™ฝใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ:grin:

Top