Learn about talking about actions that have already happened or haven't happened yet
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: 直美です。 (Naomidesu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Have You Started This Yet? In this lesson, you will learn how to say something hasn’t happened yet and something has already happened in informal speech. |
| Naomi: Such as もう決めた。 (Mō kimeta.) |
| Peter: I have already decided. |
| Naomi: まだ決めてない。 (Mada kime tenai.) |
| Peter: I haven’t decided yet. This conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: 歌舞伎座 (Kabukiza) in 東銀座 (Higashiginza) |
| Peter: At a kabuki theater in Higashi-ginza. The conversation is between |
| Naomi: おばあさんと若い男の人。 (Obāsan to wakai otoko no hito.) |
| Peter: An older woman and a young man. The speakers are strangers. Therefore the speakers will be using |
| Naomi: Formal Japanese. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 係員 (Kakariin): チケット、お願いします。 (Chiketto, onegai shimasu.) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): ねぇ、もう、始まった? (Nē, mō, hajimatta?) |
| 係員 (Kakariin): まだ、始まっていませんよ。 (Mada, hajimatte imasen yo.) でも、もうすぐ始まります。 (Demo, mō sugu hajimarimasu.) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): まだ、始まっていない?よかった。 (Mada, hajimatte inai? Yokatta.) チケットはまだある? (Chiketto wa mada aru?) |
| 係員 (Kakariin): ええ、まだあります。 (Ē, mada arimasu.) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): ありがとう。 (Arigatō.) おーい。おばさん。早く!まだ始まってないよ。 (Ōi. Oba-san. Hayaku! Mada hajimatte nai yo.) チケットもまだ売り切れていないよ。 (Chiketto mo mada urikirete inai yo.) |
| (携帯の音) (keitai no oto) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): 美雨、もうお店に着いた? (Miu, mō o-mise ni tsuita?) ごめん。まだ浅草に着いてない。ごめ。。。 (Gomen. Mada Asakusa ni tsuite nai. Gome…) あ、お父さん。すみません・・・。 (A, o-tō-san. Sumimasen....) ええ。まだ、着いていません。 (Ē. Mada, tsuite imasen.) 申し訳ありません。今すぐ行きま(プツッ) (Mōshiwake arimasen. Ima sugu ikima(putsu..) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくりお願いします。 (Mōichido, onegaishimasu. Kondo wa, yukkuri onegaishimasu.) |
| 係員 (Kakariin): チケット、お願いします。 (Chiketto, onegai shimasu.) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): ねぇ、もう、始まった? (Nē, mō, hajimatta?) |
| 係員 (Kakariin): まだ、始まっていませんよ。 (Mada, hajimatte imasen yo.) でも、もうすぐ始まります。 (Demo, mō sugu hajimarimasu.) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): まだ、始まっていない?よかった。 (Mada, hajimatte inai? Yokatta.) チケットはまだある? (Chiketto wa mada aru?) |
| 係員 (Kakariin): ええ、まだあります。 (Ē, mada arimasu.) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): ありがとう。 (Arigatō.) おーい。おばさん。早く!まだ始まってないよ。 (Ōi. Oba-san. Hayaku! Mada hajimatte nai yo.) チケットもまだ売り切れていないよ。 (Chiketto mo mada urikirete inai yo.) |
| (携帯の音) (keitai no oto) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): 美雨、もうお店に着いた? (Miu, mō o-mise ni tsuita?) ごめん。まだ浅草に着いてない。ごめ。。。 (Gomen. Mada Asakusa ni tsuite nai. Gome…) あ、お父さん。すみません・・・。 (A, o-tō-san. Sumimasen....) ええ。まだ、着いていません。 (Ē. Mada, tsuite imasen.) 申し訳ありません。今すぐ行きま(プツッ) (Mōshiwake arimasen. Ima sugu ikima(putsu..) |
| 今度は、英語が入ります。 (Kondo wa, eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 係員 (Kakariin): チケット、お願いします。 (Chiketto, onegai shimasu.) |
| CLERK: Ticket please. |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): ねぇ、もう、始まった? (Nē, mō, hajimatta?) |
| HARUYA OZORA: Hey, has the show already started? |
| 係員 (Kakariin): まだ、始まっていませんよ。 (Mada, hajimatte imasen yo.) でも、もうすぐ始まります。 (Demo, mō sugu hajimarimasu.) |
| CLERK: No it hasn't. But it'll begin soon. |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): まだ、始まっていない?よかった。 (Mada, hajimatte inai? Yokatta.) チケットはまだある? (Chiketto wa mada aru?) |
| HARUYA OZORA: It hasn't started yet? Great! Are there still tickets left? |
| 係員 (Kakariin): ええ、まだあります。 (Ē, mada arimasu.) |
| CLERK: Yes, there are. |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): ありがとう。 (Arigatō.) |
| HARUYA OZORA: Thanks! |
| おーい。おばさん。早く!まだ始まってないよ。 (Ōi. Oba-san. Hayaku! Mada hajimatte nai yo.) |
| Hey! Hurry up, ma'am! It hasn't started yet! |
| チケットもまだ売り切れていないよ。 (Chiketto mo mada urikirete inai yo.) |
| And the tickets haven't sold out yet. |
| (携帯の音) (keitai no oto) |
| (phone rings) |
| 大空晴夜 (Ōzora seiya): 美雨、もうお店に着いた? (Miu, mō o-mise ni tsuita?) |
| HARUYA OZORA: Miu, have you arrived at the restaurant? |
| ごめん。まだ浅草に着いてない。ごめ。。。 (Gomen. Mada Asakusa ni tsuite nai. Gome…) |
| Sorry, I'm not in Asakusa yet. Sorr- |
| あ、お父さん。すみません・・・。 (A, o-tō-san. Sumimasen....) |
| oh, Mr. Tendo! I'm sorry... yes, I'm not there yet. |
| ええ。まだ、着いていません。 (Ē. Mada, tsuite imasen.) 申し訳ありません。今すぐ行きま(プツッ) (Mōshiwake arimasen. Ima sugu ikima(putsu..) |
| I'm terribly sorry. I'm on my wa--*click* |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Okay let’s clear up what’s happening. Haruya took the lost old woman to the kabuki theater and he got a phone call from Miyu. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sōdesune.) 美雨さんは晴夜さんの奥さんだと思いますね。 (Miu-san wa seiya-san no okusanda to omoimasu ne.) I think Miyu is Haruya’s wife now. He is going to meet Miyu and her father for dinner or something. |
| Peter: They are married hah! But since he came to Ginza with the old woman, he is running late. |
| Naomi: そう。ちょっと遅れていますね。で、多分晴夜さんは連絡しませんでしたね。 (Sō. Chotto okurete imasu ne. De, tabun seiya-san wa renraku shimasendeshita ne.) I don’t think Haruya called or emailed Miyu. |
| Peter: Yeah he may not have and that’s probably why her father is angry. |
| Naomi: そうですね。お父さん怒ってますね。 (Sōdesu ne. Otōsan okottemasu ne.) |
| Peter: 怒ってますね。 (Okottemasu ne.) Yeah he is quite upset. |
| Naomi: 電話を切っちゃいましたからね。(Denwa o kitcha imashitakara ne.) |
| Peter: So he hangs up the phone before Haruya finishes. Maybe that’s just a relationship まあそういう関係。 (Mā sōiu kankei.) |
| Naomi: ああ、そうかもね。多分ね。 (Ā,-sō kamo ne. Tabun ne.) |
| Peter: Okay let’s take a look at the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: First word |
| Naomi: 売り切れる (urikireru) |
| Peter: To be sold out. |
| Naomi: (slow)うりきれる (Urikireru) (natural speed) 売り切れる (urikireru) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 始まる (hajimaru) |
| Peter: To start. |
| Naomi: (slow)はじまる (Hajimaru) (natural speed) 始まる (hajimaru) |
| Peter: Next word. |
| Naomi: お店 (o-mise) |
| Peter: Shop, store. |
| Naomi: (slow)おみせ (O mise) (natural speed) お店 (o-mise) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: すぐ (sugu) |
| Peter: Immediately. |
| Naomi: (slow)すぐ (sugu) (natural speed) すぐ (sugu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 早く (hayaku) |
| Peter: Quickly. |
| Naomi: (slow)はやく (Hayaku) (natural speed) 早く (hayaku) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. What’s the first word we are going to look at? |
| Naomi: 売り切れる (Urikireru) |
| Peter: To be sold out. Now this phrase contains two verbs right? |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: This is a compound verb made up of |
| Naomi: 売る (Uru) |
| Peter: To sell |
| Naomi: 切れる (Kireru) |
| Peter: To cut or to run out. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) To run out かな。 (Ka na.) |
| Peter: So run out, to be sold out and what is the sign you see on a menu or popular restaurant when I guess something runs out? |
| Naomi: 売り切れ (Ka na.) |
| Peter: Sold out. |
| Naomi: It’s the noun form of the verb 売り切れる (Urikireru) but it’s a good phrase to know. あの、ある有名な和菓子屋の前にいつも大福売り切れって書いてあるんですね。 (Ano, aru yūmeina wagashi-ya no mae ni itsumo daifuku urikire tte kaite aru ndesu ne.) |
| Peter: So there is one famous sweetshop that always has a sign that says |
| Naomi: 大福、売り切れ (Daifuku, urikire) |
| Peter: 大福 (Daifuku) is sold out and 大福 (Daifuku) is a popular Japanese sweet. |
| Naomi: そう。で、すごいまあいつも食べたいなぁって思ってるんですけど、どんなに朝早くいってもいつも売り切れって書いてあるんですね。 (Sō. De, sugoi mā itsumo tabetai nā tte omotteru ndesukedo, don'nani asa hayaku itte mo itsumo urikire tte kaite aru ndesu ne.) |
| Peter: So it doesn’t matter how early you go to the shop, there is always a sign saying 売り切れ。 (Urikire.) |
| Naomi: そう。絶対売り切れてない。ただ作ってないだけだと思うんですけど。 (Sō. Zettai urikire tenai. Tada tsukuttenai dakeda to omou ndesukedo.) |
| Peter: So Naomi sensei thinks that they don’t even make it. |
| Naomi: Umm… |
| Peter: なるほど。 (Naruhodo.) Okay what’s the next word? |
| Naomi: おーい。 (O ̄ i.) |
| Peter: おーい。 (O ̄ i.) |
| Naomi: It’s not even a word. |
| Peter: And it’s used when you want to get someone’s attention. |
| Naomi: そう。 (Sō.) kind of from a distance おーい。(O ̄ i.) |
| Peter: おーい. (O ̄ i.) Naomi sensei. Yeah probably you don’t want to use this one with your teachers or |
| Naomi: ああ。 (Ā.) |
| Peter: Kind of on a formal level. |
| Naomi: That’s very informal. |
| Peter: Okay let’s take a look at the grammar point for this lesson. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: The focus of this lesson is how to say something that has happened already or hasn’t happened yet in informal speech. In the previous lesson, we learned how to combine |
| Naomi: もう (mō) |
| Peter: Already and |
| Naomi: まだ (Mada) |
| Peter: Yet. With formal expressions to convey the idea that something has already happened or hasn’t happened yet. In this lesson, we will learn how to combine |
| Naomi: もう (mō) |
| Peter: And |
| Naomi: まだ (Mada) |
| Peter: With informal expressions to express the same ideas but a bit more casually. Now these expressions can be used with friends or people of equal status and of course on a social level. So Naomi Sensei, can we have the sample sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: もう始まった？ (Mō hajimatta?) |
| Peter: Has it already begun and |
| Naomi: まだ始まっていない。 (Mada hajimatte inai.) |
| Peter: It hasn’t begun yet. Let’s first look at もう (Mō). To express the idea that something has already happened, attach |
| Naomi: もう (Mō) |
| Peter: Already before the past tense form of the verb. So I think the best way to illustrate this is with an example. Naomi Sensei, what do we have first? |
| Naomi: To eat is 食べる (Taberu) |
| Peter: The corresponding past tense is |
| Naomi: 食べた (Tabeta) |
| Peter: And of course this is informal, ate. So this is just ate. If you want to say already ate, we add. |
| Naomi: もう食べた。 (Mō tabeta.) |
| Peter: I have already eaten. |
| Naomi: もうランチ食べた。 (Mō ranchi tabeta.) |
| Peter: I have already eaten lunch. Next let’s look at the |
| Naomi: まだ (Mada) |
| Peter: Construction. Now can you give us the example in the dialogue again? |
| Naomi: まだ始まっていない。(Mada hajimatte inai.) |
| Peter: It hasn’t started yet or it hasn’t begun yet. The idea that something has not happened yet is expressed by using |
| Naomi: まだ (Mada) |
| Peter: Plus. |
| Naomi: Te form of a verb. |
| Peter: And finally |
| Naomi: いない (Inai) |
| Peter: And this is the negative continuous tense. Basically what it’s saying is that it’s in a state that something hasn’t happened. まだ (Mada) is yet. Let’s illustrate with some examples. So first let’s look at |
| Naomi: 食べる (Taberu) |
| Peter: To eat. The te form is |
| Naomi: 食べて (Tabete) |
| Peter: Now put まだ (Mada) in front of it and add いない (Inai) after and we get |
| Naomi: まだ食べていない。 (Mada tabete inai.) |
| Peter: I haven’t eaten yet. |
| Naomi: まだランチを食べていない。 (Mada ranchi o tabete inai.) |
| Peter: I haven’t eaten lunch yet. Let’s try to see if we can put it altogether. Imagine that we are talking about a new movie. |
| Naomi: 新しい映画 (Atarashī eiga) |
| Peter: Okay. |
| Naomi: あの、新しい映画もう始まった？ (Ano, atarashī eiga mō hajimatta?) |
| Peter: Has the new movie already started playing at theaters and then depending, if it has, we would say |
| Naomi: もう始まった。 (Mō hajimatta.) |
| Peter: It already started. If it hasn’t |
| Naomi: まだ始まっていない。 (Mada hajimatte inai.) |
| Peter: It hasn’t started yet or it hasn’t come out yet. |
Outro |
| Naomi: 皆さんは、もうレッスンノート読んだ？ (Minasan wa, mō ressun'nōto yonda?) |
| Peter: So has everyone read the lesson notes? |
| Naomi: 読んでください。 (Yondekudasai.) |
| Peter: Please read them. |
| Naomi: 待ってます。それじゃあ、また。 (Mattemasu. Sore jā, mata.) |
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