Learn how to change verbs into the past tense
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: 直美です。 (Naomidesu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. The Most Important Japanese Lesson Yet. Now in the previous lesson, Miyu’s grandfather was visiting Kiri in the hospital because Kiri had been hospitalized. In this lesson, you will learn about |
| Naomi: Casual speech such as 帰る、帰らない、帰った (Kaeru, kaeranai, kaetta) |
| Peter: The conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: 天道さんのうち。 (Tendō-san no uchi.) |
| Peter: The Tendo’s family home and the conversation is between |
| Naomi: おじいさんと、雷三さん。 (Ojīsan to, raizō-san.) |
| Peter: So for Raizo the man is his father-in-law right? |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。 (Hai,-sōdesu.) |
| Peter: So Raizo uses formal Japanese and the old man uses informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: That’s right. |
| Peter: Okay let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (ピンポーン) ((Pinpōn)) |
| 天道 雷三: あ、お父さん。わざわざありがとうございます。 (A, o-tōsan. Wazawaza arigatō gozaimasu.) さぁ、どうぞ。上がってください。あれ、美雨は。 (Sā, dōzo. agatte kudasai. Are, Miu wa.) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): ああ、東京に帰った。 (Ā, tōkyō ni kaetta.) |
| 天道 雷三: あ・・・そうですか。 (A... sō desu ka.) あ・・・ お父さん、夕飯は? (A... o-tōsan, yūhan wa?) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): 美雨と成田駅前で食べた。 (Miu to narita-eki mae de tabeta.) |
| 天道 雷三: あ・・・そうですか。 (A... sō desu ka.) あ・・・そうだ。お父さん、うまいウイスキーがありますが、飲みますか。 (A... sōda. O-tōsan, umai uisukī ga arimasu ga, nomimasu ka.) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): ああ。飲む。 (Ā. Nomu.) |
| 天道 雷三: 氷を入れますか。 (kōri o iremasu ka.) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): いや、入れない。 (Iya, irenai.) 君は、美雨の結婚に反対か。 (Kimi wa, Miu no kekkon ni hantai ka.) |
| 天道 雷三: え?まぁ・・・反対ですね。 (E? Mā... hantai desu ne.) 彼にとても感謝しています。 (Kare ni totemo kansha shite imasu.) 正直、彼が嫌いじゃありません。でも、結婚は別です。 (Shōjiki, kare ga kirai ja arimasen. Demo, kekkon wa betsu desu.) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくりお願いします。 (Mōichido, onegaishimasu. Kondo wa, yukkuri onegaishimasu.) |
| 天道 雷三: あ、お父さん。わざわざありがとうございます。 (A, o-tōsan. Wazawaza arigatō gozaimasu.) さぁ、どうぞ。上がってください。あれ、美雨は。 (Sā, dōzo. agatte kudasai. Are, Miu wa.) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): ああ、東京に帰った。 (Ā, tōkyō ni kaetta.) |
| 天道 雷三: あ・・・そうですか。 (A... sō desu ka.) あ・・・ お父さん、夕飯は? (A... o-tōsan, yūhan wa?) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): 美雨と成田駅前で食べた。 (Miu to narita-eki mae de tabeta.) |
| 天道 雷三: あ・・・そうですか。 (A... sō desu ka.) あ・・・そうだ。お父さん、うまいウイスキーがありますが、飲みますか。 (A... sōda. O-tōsan, umai uisukī ga arimasu ga, nomimasu ka.) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): ああ。飲む。 (Ā. Nomu.) |
| 天道 雷三: 氷を入れますか。 (kōri o iremasu ka.) |
| 老人 (Rōjin): いや、入れない。 (Iya, irenai.) 君は、美雨の結婚に反対か。 (Kimi wa, Miu no kekkon ni hantai ka.) |
| 天道 雷三: え?まぁ・・・反対ですね。 (E? Mā... hantai desu ne.) 彼にとても感謝しています。 (Kare ni totemo kansha shite imasu.) 正直、彼が嫌いじゃありません。でも、結婚は別です。 (Shōjiki, kare ga kirai ja arimasen. Demo, kekkon wa betsu desu.) |
| 今度は、英語が入ります。 (Kondo wa, eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| (ピンポーン) ((Pinpōn)) |
| (doorbell rings) |
| 天道 雷三: あ、お父さん。わざわざありがとうございます。 (A, o-tōsan. Wazawaza arigatō gozaimasu.) さぁ、どうぞ。上がってください。あれ、美雨は。 (Sā, dōzo. agatte kudasai. Are, Miu wa.) |
| TENDO RAIZOU: Oh, dad. Thanks for going out of your way to come here. Come in, come in. Huh, where’s Miu? |
| 老人 (Rōjin): ああ、東京に帰った。 (Ā, tōkyō ni kaetta.) |
| OLD MAN: She went back to Tokyo. |
| 天道 雷三: あ・・・そうですか。 (A... sō desu ka.) |
| TENDO RAIZO: Oh...I see. |
| あ・・・ お父さん、夕飯は? (A... o-tōsan, yūhan wa?) |
| Dad, did you eat dinner? |
| 老人 (Rōjin): 美雨と成田駅前で食べた。 (Miu to narita-eki mae de tabeta.) |
| OLD MAN: I ate with Miu at Narita station. |
| 天道 雷三: あ・・・そうですか。 (A... sō desu ka.) |
| TENDO RAIZO: Oh...I see. |
| あ・・・そうだ。お父さん、うまいウイスキーがありますが、飲みますか。 (A... sōda. O-tōsan, umai uisukī ga arimasu ga, nomimasu ka.) |
| Oh, yeah, I have a good whiskey. Do you want some? |
| 老人 (Rōjin): ああ。飲む。 (Ā. Nomu.) |
| OLD MAN: Yeah, I do. |
| 天道 雷三: 氷を入れますか。 (kōri o iremasu ka.) |
| TENDO RAIZO: Do you want ice in it? |
| 老人 (Rōjin): いや、入れない。 (Iya, irenai.) |
| OLD MAN: No ice. |
| 君は、美雨の結婚に反対か。 (Kimi wa, Miu no kekkon ni hantai ka.) |
| So, you’re against Miu getting married? |
| 天道 雷三: え?まぁ・・・反対ですね。 (E? Mā... hantai desu ne.) |
| TENDO RAIZO: Huh? Well, I guess I am. |
| 彼にとても感謝しています。 (Kare ni totemo kansha shite imasu.) |
| I really appreciate what he’s done. |
| 正直、彼が嫌いじゃありません。 (Shōjiki, kare ga kirai ja arimasen.) |
| To tell you the truth, I don’t hate him. |
| でも、結婚は別です。 (Demo, kekkon wa betsu desu.) |
| But marriage is a different story. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Naomi Sensei, see, Raizo doesn’t hate Haruya. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) He was saying 正直、彼が嫌いじゃありません。 (Shōjiki, kare ga kirai jaarimasen.) |
| Peter: To tell the truth, I don’t hate him. |
| Naomi: でも (Demo) But he is also saying 結婚は別です (Kekkon wa betsudesu). That’s pretty tough right? |
| Peter: Marriage is a different story. |
| Naomi: 難しいですね。まだね。 (Muzukashīdesu ne. Mada ne.) |
| Peter: So I don’t hate him but I just don’t want him as a family member. |
| Naomi: 可哀想。 (Kawaisō.) |
| Peter: うーん。まだまだ難しいですね。 (U ̄n. Madamada muzukashīdesu ne.) |
| Naomi: でも (Demo) I hope this old man will convince Raizo because Miyu’s grandfather likes Haruya. |
| Peter: Why なんでですか。 (Nandedesu ka.) |
| Naomi: だって (Datte) Haruya caught the criminal じゃない (Janai). You don’t agree? |
| Peter: 頼んだんじゃない。 (Tanonda n janai.) Like I bet he set it up. そういう手もありますよ。 (Sōiu te mo arimasu yo.) |
| Naomi: なるほどね。 (Naruhodo ne.) |
| Peter: There is also that way of getting the girl. |
| Naomi: Umm great imagination. |
| Peter: But Naomi Sensei, I love that phrase 嫌いではありません。 (Kiraide wa arimasen.) |
| Naomi: あ～そうそうそう。 (A ~ sō sō sō.) Japanese people often use that phrase 嫌いじゃありません。嫌いではありません。でも… (Kirai jaarimasen. Kiraide wa arimasen. Demo…) |
| Peter: Yeah kind of like there is more to the story. |
| Naomi: そうね。 (Sō ne.) |
| Peter: 納得していません。 (Nattoku shite imasen.) Like they are not satisfied. |
| Naomi: 嫌いではありませんけど (Kiraide wa arimasenkedo) or 嫌いではないです。(Kiraide wanaidesu.) でも (Demo) means you don’t like it basically. |
| Peter: I? What about – I always thought like I have this image that, like girls will say it to a guy. |
| Naomi: あ～そうそう。そうね。 (A ~ sō sō. Sō ne.) |
| Peter: まあ、とりあえず、まあ嫌いではありません。 (Mā, toriaezu, mā kiraide wa arimasen.) Like any way, I don’t hate you. You are okay but…. |
| Naomi: 嫌いじゃないけど、デートは無理。 (Kiraijanaikedo, dēto wa muri.) |
| Peter: I don’t hate you but yeah you are not getting a date. |
| Naomi: あ～嫌いじゃないけど、結婚は無理。 (A ~ kiraijanaikedo, kekkon wa muri.) |
| Peter: I am okay with just hanging out but yeah, we are not getting married. |
| Naomi: 厳しいですね。 (Kibishīdesu ne.) |
| Peter: でも良いやすいですね。直美先生。 (Demo yoi yasuidesu ne. Naomi sensei.) Like it’s so easy for you to say it…. |
| Naomi: Yeah, yeah…I think 嫌いじゃないけど (Kiraijanaikedo) is like a really good phrase to know. |
| Peter: So if your teacher says, how was the class? 今日のレッスンは嫌いじゃないけど。 (Kyō no ressun wa kiraijanaikedo.) |
| Naomi: 直美、嫌いじゃないけど…言われたら嫌ですね。 (Naomi, kiraijanaikedo… iwa retara iyadesu ne.) |
| Peter: Okay on to the vocab part. |
| Naomi: ピーター、詳しいね。 (Pītā, kuwashī ne.) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: First word. |
| Naomi: 夕飯 (Yūhan) |
| Peter: Evening meal. |
| Naomi: (slow)ゆうはん (Yū-han) (natural speed) 夕飯 (Yūhan) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: うまい (umai) |
| Peter: Delicious, tasty. |
| Naomi: (slow)うまい (umai) (natural speed) うまい (umai) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: ウイスキー (uisukī) |
| Peter: Whisky. |
| Naomi: (slow)ウイスキー (uisukī) (natural speed) ウイスキー (uisukī) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 氷 (kōri) |
| Peter: Ice. |
| Naomi: (slow)こおり (kōri) (natural speed) 氷 (kōri) |
| Peter: Next |
| Naomi: 反対 (hantai) |
| Peter: Opposite. |
| Naomi: (slow)はんたい (Hantai) (natural speed) 反対 (hantai) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 別 (betsu) |
| Peter: Different, another. |
| Naomi: (slow)べつ (Betsu) (natural speed) 別 (betsu) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases for this lesson. Naomi sensei. |
| Naomi: The first word is 夕飯 (Yūhan) |
| Peter: Supper, evening meal. Now in Japanese, there are several words that mean supper. |
| Naomi: 夕ご飯、晩御飯、夕食、夕飯 (Yū gohan, ban gohan, yūshoku, yūhan) |
| Peter: Which one should we use? I kind of tend to use 晩御飯 (Ban gohan). That’s the one I kind of use the most. Which one do you use? |
| Naomi: なんだろうな。晩御飯 (Nandarou na. Ban gohan) I use 晩御飯 (Ban gohan) and 夕飯 (Yūhan) |
| Peter: 夕飯 (Yūhan) seems a little informal. |
| Naomi: Yeah among family members. |
| Peter: 夕飯は何時？ (Yūhan wa nanji?) |
| Naomi: そうそうそう、夕飯は何時？晩御飯は何時？両方とも言いますね。 (Sō sō sō, yūhan wa nanji? Ban gohan wa nanji? Ryōhō tomo iimasu ne.) I use them both and if you are going out to a restaurant or somewhere, some people say dinner. |
| Peter: Dinner. |
| Naomi: Dinner ね。 (Ne.) and we also have informal way to say supper. They are ゆうめし (Yū meshi) and ばんめし (Ban meshi). |
| Peter: ゆうめし (Yū meshi) but this is very informal you know. |
| Naomi: Yeah that’s very informal. Guys use them. |
| Peter: Okay inside the PDF, there is a write up about this. What do you have for next word? |
| Naomi: 反対 (Hantai) |
| Peter: Opposition. Now when する (Suru) or をする (O suru) is added, it becomes a verb to oppose and the particle に (Ni) follows the object one opposes. For example |
| Naomi: 私は結婚に反対です。 (Watashi wa kekkon ni hantaidesu.) |
| Peter: I am opposed to the marriage. |
| Naomi: 私は結婚に反対します。 (Watashi wa kekkon ni hantai shimasu.) |
| Peter: I am opposed to the marriage. 私は直美先生の意見に反対です。 (Watashi wa Naomi sensei no iken ni hantaidesu.) I am opposed to Naomi Sensei’s opinion. |
| Naomi: My opinion of what? |
| Peter: 全て (Subete) |
| Naomi: 全て (Subete) |
| Peter: Everything. |
| Naomi: ピーターは私に反対なんですね。 (Pītā wa watashi ni hantaina ndesu ne.) |
| Peter: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) but no what I like about this word is, I always use this to kind of double my vocabulary. So when I first came to Japan, I was learning Japanese, I never wanted to go back into English. So I knew some words. So what I would do is I would use this to ask how to say the opposite of the words I knew. For example, if I knew that cold was 寒い, (Samui,) I would say すいません、寒いの反対は何ですか？ (Suimasen, samui no hantai wa nanidesu ka?) |
| Naomi: Ah…opposite of. So you need a particle の (No) |
| Peter: Yeah and with this, you kind of double your vocabulary. As long as you know one word, you could always ask a Japanese person the opposite. |
| Naomi: ピーターの反対は何ですか？ (Pītā no hantai wa nanidesu ka?) |
| Peter: なんでしょうね。直美先生、どうぞ。答えてください。 (Nandeshou ne. Naomi sensei, dōzo. Kotaete kudasai.) Please answer. |
| Naomi: I don’t want to be so offensive today. I am in a good mood so let’s move on to the grammar. |
| Peter: Okay. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Today’s grammar point is the plain past of verbs. Now the formation of the plain past is quite simple if you’ve mastered the te form. |
| Naomi: If you mastered te form. That’s the key. |
| Peter: That’s the key. Now if you’ve mastered the te form, then all you have to do is swap out た (Ta) for te and you got it. For every single one, it’s that easy. Okay and this is again the plain past when speaking with people intimate or people in your inner circle who you have a very close relationship with. You would use this instead of saying the polite past. The best way to exemplify this is with an example. In today’s dialogue, we had. |
| Naomi: 東京に帰った。(Tōkyō ni kaetta.) The subject is omitted. 美雨は東京に帰った。 (Tōkyō ni kaetta.) |
| Peter: Miyu went back to Tokyo. Let’s take a look at how we got 帰った (Kaetta). Naomi Sensei, what’s the dictionary form? |
| Naomi: 帰る (Kaeru) |
| Peter: What’s the te form? |
| Naomi: 帰って (Kaette) |
| Peter: There we have a ちっちゃい「つ」 (Chitchai `tsu') small っ (~Tsu) and て (Te). Here we take out て (Te) and we put in た (Ta). So we get |
| Naomi: 帰った (Kaetta) |
| Peter: Grammatically there is no relationship. Just structurally it is the same. That’s why we are introducing the te form because you are familiar with it already or you should be. So let’s take this verb 帰る (Kaeru) to return and look at the polite forms and then the informal forms or the plain forms. Naomi Sensei, what’s the polite affirmative? |
| Naomi: 私は東京に帰ります。 (Watashi wa Tōkyō ni kaerimasu.) |
| Peter: I will go back to Tokyo. Now the plain or informal. |
| Naomi: 私は東京に帰る。 (Watashi wa Tōkyō ni kaeru.) |
| Peter: I will go back to Tokyo. See how the plain or informal is the same as the dictionary in this case. How about the non-past negative? |
| Naomi: 私は東京に帰りません。(Watashi wa Tōkyō ni kaerimasen.) |
| Peter: I won’t go back to Tokyo. Now the informal, the plain. |
| Naomi: 私は東京に帰らない。(Watashi wa Tōkyō ni kaeranai.) |
| Peter: I won’t go back to Tokyo. Now let’s take a look at the past, polite past. |
| Naomi: 私は東京に帰りました。 (Watashi wa Tōkyō ni kaerimashita.) |
| Peter: I return to Tokyo. |
| Naomi: 私は東京に帰った。 (Watashi wa Tōkyō ni kaetta.) |
| Peter: I return to Tokyo. |
Outro |
| Peter: Okay that is going to do for today. |
| Naomi: じゃあ、また。(Jā, mata) |
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