Postby nandemoii » June 14th, 2007 4:53 am
I found it very useful and typed the whole book in for myself.
It looks something like this:
19.1 CLAUSE-beki COPULA
-beki is similar in meaning to -ta hō ga ii (-nai hō ga ii in the neg.), meaning 'should', 'ought to' (see 63.3).
a % その映画は一回見るべきだよ。 sono eiga wa ikkai miru-beki da yo That film you should see once.
b 選挙で選ぶべきだ。 senkyo de erabu-beki da [He [= party leader]] ought to be chosen by election.
c 未成年者の飲酒防止のため、酒の屋外自動販売機は撤廃すべし。 miseinensha no inshu bōshi no tame sake no okugai jidō hanbaiki wa teppai su-beshi In order to prevent minors from drinking alcohol, outdoor vending machines for alcoholic drinks should he abolished.
d エイズに感染している時は相手にその事実を告げるべし。 eizu ni kansen shite iru toki wa aite ni sono jijitsu o tsugeru-beshi If one's infected with AIDS, one should inform one's partner of that fact.
e 日本の外交をどのように改革すべきだろうか。 nihon no gaikō o dono yō ni kaikaku su-beki darō ka In what way should Japan's diplomacy be reformed, I wonder.
f コメは日本人の主食であり、早計に輸入に踏み切るべきではない。 kome wa nihonjin no shushoku de ari sōkei ni yu'nyū ni fumikiru-beki de wa nai Rice is Japan's main staple food, and importing should therefore not be entered into lightly.
g 歴史的な公共建造物は公の利益のために使うべきで、金持ちが利用する高級ホテルにすべきではない。 rekishi-teki na kōkyō kenzō-butsu wa ōyake no rieki no tame ni tsukau-beki de kanemochi ga riyō suru kōkyū hoteru ni su-beki de wa nai An historic public building should be used for the benefit of the public, and not be made into a hotel for use by the rich.
h 数字というものは、むしろ信ずべからず、ではないか。 sūji to iu mono wa mushiro shinzu-bekarazu dewa nai ka Isn't it rather the case that numbers should not be trusted?
Contents:
INTRODUCTION 8
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 8
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS 9
ENGLISH TRANSLATION INDEX 9
EXAMPLES 9
A NOTE ON ROMANIZATION 10
CONSTRUCTION OF ENTRIES 10
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT 10
1 ADJECTIVAL EXPRESSIONS: NOUN-MODIFYING 11
2 ADJECTIVAL EXPRESSIONS: AS PREDICATES 17
3 ADJECTIVE [PROPER] FORMS 19
4 ADVERBS: BY DERIVATION 20
5 ADVERBS: BY MEANING 23
6 aida [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 31
7 aida [RELATIONAL NOUN] 33
8 aida, mae, -nagara, -tsutsu, uchi: COMPARISON 34
9. ANIMATE AND INANIMATE EXISTENTIAL/LOCATIONAL VERBS 36
10 APPOSITION OF NOUNS 36
11 ato [RELATIONAL NOUN] 37
12 ato AND -te kara: COMPARISON 39
13 -ba [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 40
14 -ba, dattara, nara, -tara, to: COMPARISON 44
15 baai [STRUCTURAL NOUN] 49
16 baai, toki: COMPARISON 50
17 bakari [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 51
18 bakari, dake, shika: COMPARISON 58
19 -beki [SENTENCE ENDING] 59
20 CAUSATIVE SENTENCES 60
21 CAUSATIVE PASSIVE SENTENCES 65
22 CLASSICISMS 66
23 CLEFT SENTENCES 67
24 COMMANDS 68
25 COMPARISON 69
26 COMPLEMENT CLAUSES 75
27 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 76
28 CONJOINING 76
29 CONJOINING BY COMMA 77
30 CONJUNCTIONS 78
31 CONJUNCTIVE FORMS 87
32 CONJUNCTIVE FORMS AND PARTICLES: COMPARISON 94
33 CONTRAST EXPRESSIONS: COMPARISON 96
34 CONVERSIONS 98
35 COPULA 100
36 COUNTERS 103
37 dake [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 109
38 dattara [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 114
39 datte [FOCUS PARTICLE] 115
40 de [CASE PARTICLE] 115
41 de [CASE PARTICLE] AND de [CONJUNCTIVE FORM OF COPULA]: COMPARISON 119
42 demo [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 119
43 demo, made, mo, sae, sura: COMPARISON 124
44 DEMONSTRATIVE/QUESTION WORDS AND PRONOUNS 124
45 DEMONSTRATIVE WORDS AND PRONOUNS: USE 125
46 DESIDERATIVE SENTENCES 128
47 de wa [SOURCE OF INFORMATION] 128
48 DIALECT FORMS 128
49 -domo [SUFFIX] 131
50 DOUBLE NEGATIVES 132
51 e [CASE PARTICLE] 136
52 ELLIPSIS 139
53 FORMS OF ADDRESS: FAMILY (OWN AND OTHERS') 141
54 FORMS OF ADDRESS: NON-FAMILY 145
55 ga [CASE PARTICLE] 145
56 ga [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 152
57 -garu [SUFFIX] 155
58 -gata [PLURAL SUFFIX: HONORIFIC] 157
59 -goro [SUFFIX] 158
60 gotoshi [STRUCTURAL NOUN] 159
61 gurai/kurai [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 160
62 hazu [SENTENCE ENDING] 165
63 hō [STRUCTURAL NOUN] 168
64 hodo [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 170
65 HONORIFIC AND HUMBLE FORMS (SUBJECT- AND OBJECT-HONORIFICS) 175
66 HONORIFIC AND HUMBLE NOUNS 184
67 HORTATIVE: VERB-(y)ō [SENTENCE ENDING] 185
68 hoshii [ADJECTIVE OF DESIRE] 188
69 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES 190
70 INVERSION 193
71 ka [CONJOINING PARTICLE] 193
72 ka [QUESTION PARTICLE] 194
73 kamoshirenai [SENTENCE ENDING] 194
74 kara [CASE PARTICLE] 195
75 kara [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 199
76 -kare [ADJECTIVAL ENDING] 203
77 -karō [ADJECTIVAL ENDING] 203
78 -kata [NOMINALIZING SUFFIX] 203
79 keredomo (kedo/kedomo/keredo) [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 204
80 -ki [CLASSICAL ADJECTIVE ENDING] 206
81 koro [TIME NOUN] 206
82 koso [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 207
83 koto [NOMINALIZER] 212
84 koto AND no [NOMINALIZERS]: COMPARISON 219
85 made [CASE PARTICLE] 219
86 made [FOCUS PARTICLE] 223
87 made-ni [CASE PARTICLE] 225
88 mae [RELATIONAL NOUN] 227
89 -mai [SENTENCE ENDING] 227
90 mama [STRUCTURAL NOUN] 229
91 -masu [POLITE ENDING] 232
92 -mi [NOMINALIZING SUFFIX] 233
93 mitai [SENTENCE ENDING] 233
94 mo [FOCUS PARTICLE] 235
95 mon(o) [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 240
96 mon(o) [FINAL PARTICLE] 241
97 mon(o) [LEXICAL NOUN] 246
98 mono/mon [NOMINALIZER] 248
99 MORPHOLOGY 248
100 na (yo) [FOLLOWS VERB-STEM]: FAMILIAR IMPERATIVE 249
101 na (yo) [FOLLOWS VERB-ru]: NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE 249
102 nado [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 250
103 -nagara [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 252
104 (-)nai [NEGATIVE ENDING/NEGATIVE ADJECTIVE]: FORMS 254
105 naka [RELATIONAL NOUN] 255
106 nanka [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 255
107 nante [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 258
108 nara [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 260
109 NATIONALITY 265
110 ne [FINAL PARTICLE] (ALSO nē/nā/na) 267
111 NEGATIVE SENTENCES 268
112 NEGATIVE CONJUNCTIVE FORMS 274
113 NEGATIVE IMPERATIVES: nakare 281
114 NEGATIVE QUESTIONS 281
115 NEGATIVE QUESTIONS: HOW TO ANSWER 284
116 ni [CASE PARTICLE] 286
117 ni atatte [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 294
118 ni chigai nai [SENTENCE ENDING] 295
119 ni hanshi(te) [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 296
120 ni kakete [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 296
121 ni kanshi(te) [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 298
122 ni kawatte [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 299
123 ni oite [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 300
124 ni saishi(te) [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 301
125 ni taishi(te) [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 301
126 ni totte [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 302
127 ni tsuite [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 303
128 ni tsuki (PHRASAL PARTICLE] 304
129 ni yoreba [PHRASE] 305
130 ni yori [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 305
131 ni yoru to [PHRASE] 305
132 ni yotte [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 307
133 no [CASE PARTICLE] 308
134 no [FINAL PARTICLE] 314
135 no [NOMINALIZER] 315
136 no [PRONOUN] 317
137 no-ADJECTIVES 318
138 n(o) da [SENTENCE ENDING] 319
139 node [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 320
140 noni [FOLLOWS VERB/ADJECTIVE/ADJECTIVAL NOUN/NOUN] 322
141 noni [FOLLOWS VERB-ru] 324
142 NON-PAST VERB FORMS 325
143 NOUN MODIFICATION AND RELATIVE CLAUSES 326
144 NOUNS 329
145 NOUN REDUPLICATION 331
146 NUMBER AND COUNTER COMBINATIONS 331
147 NUMBERS 331
148 o [CASE PARTICLE] 335
149 o AND kara [CASE PARTICLES] WITH VERBS OF MOTION: COMPARISON 338
150 o megutte [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 338
151 o motte [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 339
152 o tōshite [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 340
153 ONOMATOPE (SOUND SYMBOLISM) 341
154 ORDINAL NUMBERS 343
155 PARTICLES 344
156 PASSIVE SENTENCES 346
157 PEJORATIVE VERBS 351
158 PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND SUFFIXES 351
159 PHRASAL PARTICLES 358
160 POINT OF VIEW 358
161 POTENTIAL SENTENCES 366
162 -ppoi [ADJECTIVE-FORMING SUFFIX] 372
163 PRESUMPTIVE FORMS 373
164 QUESTIONS: DIRECT QUESTIONS 377
165 QUESTIONS: FORMAL QUESTIONS WITH NON-QUESTION MEANINGS 382
166 QUESTIONS: INDIRECT QUESTIONS 385
167 QUESTION WORDS 389
168 -ra [PLURAL SUFFIX] 396
169 rashii [SENTENCE ENDING] 397
170 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 401
171 RELATIONAL NOUNS 405
172 REPETITION 405
173 REQUESTS 407
174 sa [FINAL PARTICLE] 410
175 -sa [NOMINALIZING SUFFIX] 411
176 sae [FOCUS PARTICLE] 411
177 SENTENCE ENDINGS 414
178 SENTENCE TYPES 415
179 shi [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 423
180 shika [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 423
181 sō [SENTENCE ENDING] 426
182 -sō [SENTENCE, ENDING] 430
183 SPONTANEOUS SENTENCES 432
184 STEM FORMS 432
185 sura [FOCUS PARTICLE] 434
186 suru/naru SENTENCES 436
187 -ta [PAST/PERFECTIVE ENDING] 437
188 -tachi [PLURAL SUFFIX] 439
189 -tai [SENTENCE ENDING] 441
190 tame [STRUCTURAL NOUN] 442
191 -tara [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 444
192 -tari [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 450
193 -tatte [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 452
194 -tarō [PRESUMPTIVE ENDING] 452
195 -te ageru [PERFORMATIVE SENTENCE ENDING] 452
196 -te aru [SENTENCE ENDING] 456
197 -te hoshii [SENTENCE ENDING] 457
198 -te iku/-teku [SENTENCE ENDING] 459
199 -te iru/teru [SENTENCE ENDING] 461
200 -te itadaku [PERFORMATIVE SENTENCE ENDING] 462
201 -te kara [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 465
202 -te kudasaru [PERFORMA TIVE SENTENCE ENDING] 468
203 -te kureru [PERFORMATIVE SENTENCE ENDING] 469
204 -te kuru [SENTENCE ENDING] 474
205 -te miru [SENTENCE ENDING] 475
206 -te mo [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 476
207 -te morau [PERFORMATIVE SENTENCE ENDING] 481
208 -te oku/-toku [SENTENCE ENDING] 485
209 -te shimau/-chau [SENTENCE ENDING] 487
210 -te wa [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 487
211 -te yaru [PERFORMATIVE SENTENCE ENDING] 490
212 -teki [ADJECTIVE-FORMING SUFFIX] 491
213 to [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 493
214 to [CASE PARTICLE] 494
215 to [CONJOINING PARTICLE] 495
216 to [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 495
217 to [QUOTATION PARTICLE] 498
218 to iu [PHRASE] 499
219 to shite [PHRASAL PARTICLE] 507
220 toka [CONJOINING PARTICLE] 508
221 toki [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 510
222 toki [TIME NOUN] 514
223 TRANSITIVE/INTRANSITIVE VERB PAIRS 515
224 tsumori [SENTENCE ENDING] 517
225 -tsutsu [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 520
226 -tsutsu aru [SENTENCE ENDING] 521
227 -TTE [SENTENCE ENDING] 522
228 tte/te [QUOTATION/DEFINITION PARTICLE EQUIVALENT] 522
229 uchi [CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE] 524
230 uchi [RELATIONAL NOUN] 528
231 VALENCY 529
232 VERB FORMS 530
233 VERB TYPES: STATIVE, DYNAMIC, ACTION AND CHANGE 534
234 VERBAL NOUNS 535
235 VOCABULARY 536
236 wa [FOCUS PARTICLE] 540
237 wa わ [FINAL PARTICLE] 551
238 wa はAND ga: COMPARISON 551
239 wake [SENTENCE ENDING] 553
240 wake AND hazu [SENTENCE ENDINGS]: COMPARISON 556
241 ya [CONJOINING PARTICLE] 556
242 yo [FINAL PARTICLE] 557
243 yō [SENTENCE ENDING] 558
244 yō, mitai, sō, -sō, rashii, to iu, -tte: COMPARISON 566
245 -yō [NOMINALIZING SUFFIX] 568
246 -(y)ō [SENTENCE ENDING] 569
247 -(y)ō mono nara 569
248 -(y)ō to [ADVERBIAL PHRASE] 570
249 -(y)ō to omou/kangaeru [SENTENCE ENDING] 571
250 -(y)ō to suru [SENTENCE ENDING] 572
251 yori [CASE PARTICLE] 572
252 yori [COMPARATIVE PARTICLE] 573
253 ze [FINAL PARTICLE] 574
254 zo [FINAL PARTICLE] 575
255 -zutsu [ADVERBIAL PARTICLE] 576
